Merge branch 'master' into #222-offensive-msg-autodeletion

5 files changed, 927 insertions, 2 deletions

diff --git a/pydis_site/apps/api/tests/migrations/__init__.py b/pydis_site/apps/api/tests/migrations/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..38e42ffc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pydis_site/apps/api/tests/migrations/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+"""This submodule contains tests for functions used in data migrations."""
diff --git a/pydis_site/apps/api/tests/migrations/base.py b/pydis_site/apps/api/tests/migrations/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0c0a5bd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pydis_site/apps/api/tests/migrations/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+"""Includes utilities for testing migrations."""
+from django.db import connection
+from django.db.migrations.executor import MigrationExecutor
+from django.test import TestCase
+
+
+class MigrationsTestCase(TestCase):
+    """
+    A `TestCase` subclass to test migration files.
+
+    To be able to properly test a migration, we will need to inject data into the test database
+    before the migrations we want to test are applied, but after the older migrations have been
+    applied. This makes sure that we are testing "as if" we were actually applying this migration
+    to a database in the state it was in before introducing the new migration.
+
+    To set up a MigrationsTestCase, create a subclass of this class and set the following
+    class-level attributes:
+
+    - app: The name of the app that contains the migrations (e.g., `'api'`)
+    - migration_prior: The name* of the last migration file before the migrations you want to test
+    - migration_target: The name* of the last migration file we want to test
+
+    *) Specify the file names without a path or the `.py` file extension.
+
+    Additionally, overwrite the `setUpMigrationData` in the subclass to inject data into the
+    database before the migrations we want to test are applied. Please read the docstring of the
+    method for more information. An optional hook, `setUpPostMigrationData` is also provided.
+    """
+
+    # These class-level attributes should be set in classes that inherit from this base class.
+    app = None
+    migration_prior = None
+    migration_target = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        """
+        Injects data into the test database prior to the migration we're trying to test.
+
+        This class methods reverts the test database back to the state of the last migration file
+        prior to the migrations we want to test. It will then allow the user to inject data into the
+        test database by calling the `setUpMigrationData` hook. After the data has been injected, it
+        will apply the migrations we want to test and call the `setUpPostMigrationData` hook. The
+        user can now test if the migration correctly migrated the injected test data.
+        """
+        if not cls.app:
+            raise ValueError("The `app` attribute was not set.")
+
+        if not cls.migration_prior or not cls.migration_target:
+            raise ValueError("Both ` migration_prior` and `migration_target` need to be set.")
+
+        cls.migrate_from = [(cls.app, cls.migration_prior)]
+        cls.migrate_to = [(cls.app, cls.migration_target)]
+
+        # Reverse to database state prior to the migrations we want to test
+        executor = MigrationExecutor(connection)
+        executor.migrate(cls.migrate_from)
+
+        # Call the data injection hook with the current state of the project
+        old_apps = executor.loader.project_state(cls.migrate_from).apps
+        cls.setUpMigrationData(old_apps)
+
+        # Run the migrations we want to test
+        executor = MigrationExecutor(connection)
+        executor.loader.build_graph()
+        executor.migrate(cls.migrate_to)
+
+        # Save the project state so we're able to work with the correct model states
+        cls.apps = executor.loader.project_state(cls.migrate_to).apps
+
+        # Call `setUpPostMigrationData` to potentially set up post migration data used in testing
+        cls.setUpPostMigrationData(cls.apps)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpMigrationData(cls, apps):
+        """
+        Override this method to inject data into the test database before the migration is applied.
+
+        This method will be called after setting up the database according to the migrations that
+        come before the migration(s) we are trying to test, but before the to-be-tested migration(s)
+        are applied. This allows us to simulate a database state just prior to the migrations we are
+        trying to test.
+
+        To make sure we're creating objects according to the state the models were in at this point
+        in the migration history, use `apps.get_model(app_name: str, model_name: str)` to get the
+        appropriate model, e.g.:
+
+        >>> Infraction = apps.get_model('api', 'Infraction')
+        """
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpPostMigrationData(cls, apps):
+        """
+        Set up additional test data after the target migration has been applied.
+
+        Use `apps.get_model(app_name: str, model_name: str)` to get the correct instances of the
+        model classes:
+
+        >>> Infraction = apps.get_model('api', 'Infraction')
+        """
+        pass
diff --git a/pydis_site/apps/api/tests/migrations/test_active_infraction_migration.py b/pydis_site/apps/api/tests/migrations/test_active_infraction_migration.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8dc29b34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pydis_site/apps/api/tests/migrations/test_active_infraction_migration.py
@@ -0,0 +1,496 @@
+"""Tests for the data migration in `filename`."""
+import logging
+from collections import ChainMap, namedtuple
+from datetime import timedelta
+from itertools import count
+from typing import Dict, Iterable, Type, Union
+
+from django.db.models import Q
+from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
+from django.utils import timezone
+
+from pydis_site.apps.api.models import Infraction, User
+from .base import MigrationsTestCase
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+
+
+InfractionHistory = namedtuple('InfractionHistory', ("user_id", "infraction_history"))
+
+
+class InfractionFactory:
+    """Factory that creates infractions for a User instance."""
+
+    infraction_id = count(1)
+    user_id = count(1)
+    default_values = {
+        'active': True,
+        'expires_at': None,
+        'hidden': False,
+    }
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create(
+        cls,
+        actor: User,
+        infractions: Iterable[Dict[str, Union[str, int, bool]]],
+        infraction_model: Type[Infraction] = Infraction,
+        user_model: Type[User] = User,
+    ) -> InfractionHistory:
+        """
+        Creates `infractions` for the `user` with the given `actor`.
+
+        The `infractions` dictionary can contain the following fields:
+         - `type` (required)
+         - `active` (default: True)
+         - `expires_at` (default: None; i.e, permanent)
+         - `hidden` (default: False).
+
+        The parameters `infraction_model` and `user_model` can be used to pass in an instance of
+        both model classes from a different migration/project state.
+        """
+        user_id = next(cls.user_id)
+        user = user_model.objects.create(
+            id=user_id,
+            name=f"Infracted user {user_id}",
+            discriminator=user_id,
+            avatar_hash=None,
+        )
+        infraction_history = []
+
+        for infraction in infractions:
+            infraction = dict(infraction)
+            infraction["id"] = next(cls.infraction_id)
+            infraction = ChainMap(infraction, cls.default_values)
+            new_infraction = infraction_model.objects.create(
+                user=user,
+                actor=actor,
+                type=infraction["type"],
+                reason=f"`{infraction['type']}` infraction (ID: {infraction['id']} of {user}",
+                active=infraction['active'],
+                hidden=infraction['hidden'],
+                expires_at=infraction['expires_at'],
+            )
+            infraction_history.append(new_infraction)
+
+        return InfractionHistory(user_id=user_id, infraction_history=infraction_history)
+
+
+class InfractionFactoryTests(MigrationsTestCase):
+    """Tests for the InfractionFactory."""
+
+    app = "api"
+    migration_prior = "0046_reminder_jump_url"
+    migration_target = "0046_reminder_jump_url"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpPostMigrationData(cls, apps):
+        """Create a default actor for all infractions."""
+        cls.infraction_model = apps.get_model('api', 'Infraction')
+        cls.user_model = apps.get_model('api', 'User')
+
+        cls.actor = cls.user_model.objects.create(
+            id=9999,
+            name="Unknown Moderator",
+            discriminator=1040,
+            avatar_hash=None,
+        )
+
+    def test_infraction_factory_total_count(self):
+        """Does the test database hold as many infractions as we tried to create?"""
+        InfractionFactory.create(
+            actor=self.actor,
+            infractions=(
+                {'type': 'kick', 'active': False, 'hidden': False},
+                {'type': 'ban', 'active': True, 'hidden': False},
+                {'type': 'note', 'active': False, 'hidden': True},
+            ),
+            infraction_model=self.infraction_model,
+            user_model=self.user_model,
+        )
+        database_count = Infraction.objects.all().count()
+        self.assertEqual(3, database_count)
+
+    def test_infraction_factory_multiple_users(self):
+        """Does the test database hold as many infractions as we tried to create?"""
+        for _user in range(5):
+            InfractionFactory.create(
+                actor=self.actor,
+                infractions=(
+                    {'type': 'kick', 'active': False, 'hidden': True},
+                    {'type': 'ban', 'active': True, 'hidden': False},
+                ),
+                infraction_model=self.infraction_model,
+                user_model=self.user_model,
+            )
+
+        # Check if infractions and users are recorded properly in the database
+        database_count = Infraction.objects.all().count()
+        self.assertEqual(database_count, 10)
+
+        user_count = User.objects.all().count()
+        self.assertEqual(user_count, 5 + 1)
+
+    def test_infraction_factory_sets_correct_fields(self):
+        """Does the InfractionFactory set the correct attributes?"""
+        infractions = (
+            {
+                'type': 'note',
+                'active': False,
+                'hidden': True,
+                'expires_at': timezone.now()
+            },
+            {'type': 'warning', 'active': False, 'hidden': False, 'expires_at': None},
+            {'type': 'watch', 'active': False, 'hidden': True, 'expires_at': None},
+            {'type': 'mute', 'active': True, 'hidden': False, 'expires_at': None},
+            {'type': 'kick', 'active': True, 'hidden': True, 'expires_at': None},
+            {'type': 'ban', 'active': True, 'hidden': False, 'expires_at': None},
+            {
+                'type': 'superstar',
+                'active': True,
+                'hidden': True,
+                'expires_at': timezone.now()
+            },
+        )
+
+        InfractionFactory.create(
+            actor=self.actor,
+            infractions=infractions,
+            infraction_model=self.infraction_model,
+            user_model=self.user_model,
+        )
+
+        for infraction in infractions:
+            with self.subTest(**infraction):
+                self.assertTrue(Infraction.objects.filter(**infraction).exists())
+
+
+class ActiveInfractionMigrationTests(MigrationsTestCase):
+    """
+    Tests the active infraction data migration.
+
+    The active infraction data migration should do the following things:
+
+    1.  migrates all active notes, warnings, and kicks to an inactive status;
+    2.  migrates all users with multiple active infractions of a single type to have only one active
+        infraction of that type. The infraction with the longest duration stays active.
+    """
+
+    app = "api"
+    migration_prior = "0046_reminder_jump_url"
+    migration_target = "0047_active_infractions_migration"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpMigrationData(cls, apps):
+        """Sets up an initial database state that contains the relevant test cases."""
+        # Fetch the Infraction and User model in the current migration state
+        cls.infraction_model = apps.get_model('api', 'Infraction')
+        cls.user_model = apps.get_model('api', 'User')
+
+        cls.created_infractions = {}
+
+        # Moderator that serves as actor for all infractions
+        cls.user_moderator = cls.user_model.objects.create(
+            id=9999,
+            name="Olivier de Vienne",
+            discriminator=1040,
+            avatar_hash=None,
+        )
+
+        # User #1: clean user with no infractions
+        cls.created_infractions["no infractions"] = InfractionFactory.create(
+            actor=cls.user_moderator,
+            infractions=[],
+            infraction_model=cls.infraction_model,
+            user_model=cls.user_model,
+        )
+
+        # User #2: One inactive note infraction
+        cls.created_infractions["one inactive note"] = InfractionFactory.create(
+            actor=cls.user_moderator,
+            infractions=(
+                {'type': 'note', 'active': False, 'hidden': True},
+            ),
+            infraction_model=cls.infraction_model,
+            user_model=cls.user_model,
+        )
+
+        # User #3: One active note infraction
+        cls.created_infractions["one active note"] = InfractionFactory.create(
+            actor=cls.user_moderator,
+            infractions=(
+                {'type': 'note', 'active': True, 'hidden': True},
+            ),
+            infraction_model=cls.infraction_model,
+            user_model=cls.user_model,
+        )
+
+        # User #4: One active and one inactive note infraction
+        cls.created_infractions["one active and one inactive note"] = InfractionFactory.create(
+            actor=cls.user_moderator,
+            infractions=(
+                {'type': 'note', 'active': False, 'hidden': True},
+                {'type': 'note', 'active': True, 'hidden': True},
+            ),
+            infraction_model=cls.infraction_model,
+            user_model=cls.user_model,
+        )
+
+        # User #5: Once active note, one active kick, once active warning
+        cls.created_infractions["active note, kick, warning"] = InfractionFactory.create(
+            actor=cls.user_moderator,
+            infractions=(
+                {'type': 'note', 'active': True, 'hidden': True},
+                {'type': 'kick', 'active': True, 'hidden': True},
+                {'type': 'warning', 'active': True, 'hidden': True},
+            ),
+            infraction_model=cls.infraction_model,
+            user_model=cls.user_model,
+        )
+
+        # User #6: One inactive ban and one active ban
+        cls.created_infractions["one inactive and one active ban"] = InfractionFactory.create(
+            actor=cls.user_moderator,
+            infractions=(
+                {'type': 'ban', 'active': False, 'hidden': True},
+                {'type': 'ban', 'active': True, 'hidden': True},
+            ),
+            infraction_model=cls.infraction_model,
+            user_model=cls.user_model,
+        )
+
+        # User #7: Two active permanent bans
+        cls.created_infractions["two active perm bans"] = InfractionFactory.create(
+            actor=cls.user_moderator,
+            infractions=(
+                {'type': 'ban', 'active': True, 'hidden': True},
+                {'type': 'ban', 'active': True, 'hidden': True},
+            ),
+            infraction_model=cls.infraction_model,
+            user_model=cls.user_model,
+        )
+
+        # User #8: Multiple active temporary bans
+        cls.created_infractions["multiple active temp bans"] = InfractionFactory.create(
+            actor=cls.user_moderator,
+            infractions=(
+                {
+                    'type': 'ban',
+                    'active': True,
+                    'hidden': True,
+                    'expires_at': timezone.now() + timedelta(days=1)
+                },
+                {
+                    'type': 'ban',
+                    'active': True,
+                    'hidden': True,
+                    'expires_at': timezone.now() + timedelta(days=10)
+                },
+                {
+                    'type': 'ban',
+                    'active': True,
+                    'hidden': True,
+                    'expires_at': timezone.now() + timedelta(days=20)
+                },
+                {
+                    'type': 'ban',
+                    'active': True,
+                    'hidden': True,
+                    'expires_at': timezone.now() + timedelta(days=5)
+                },
+            ),
+            infraction_model=cls.infraction_model,
+            user_model=cls.user_model,
+        )
+
+        # User #9: One active permanent ban, two active temporary bans
+        cls.created_infractions["active perm, two active temp bans"] = InfractionFactory.create(
+            actor=cls.user_moderator,
+            infractions=(
+                {
+                    'type': 'ban',
+                    'active': True,
+                    'hidden': True,
+                    'expires_at': timezone.now() + timedelta(days=10)
+                },
+                {
+                    'type': 'ban',
+                    'active': True,
+                    'hidden': True,
+                    'expires_at': None,
+                },
+                {
+                    'type': 'ban',
+                    'active': True,
+                    'hidden': True,
+                    'expires_at': timezone.now() + timedelta(days=7)
+                },
+            ),
+            infraction_model=cls.infraction_model,
+            user_model=cls.user_model,
+        )
+
+        # User #10: One inactive permanent ban, two active temporary bans
+        cls.created_infractions["one inactive perm ban, two active temp bans"] = (
+            InfractionFactory.create(
+                actor=cls.user_moderator,
+                infractions=(
+                    {
+                        'type': 'ban',
+                        'active': True,
+                        'hidden': True,
+                        'expires_at': timezone.now() + timedelta(days=10)
+                    },
+                    {
+                        'type': 'ban',
+                        'active': False,
+                        'hidden': True,
+                        'expires_at': None,
+                    },
+                    {
+                        'type': 'ban',
+                        'active': True,
+                        'hidden': True,
+                        'expires_at': timezone.now() + timedelta(days=7)
+                    },
+                ),
+                infraction_model=cls.infraction_model,
+                user_model=cls.user_model,
+            )
+        )
+
+        # User #11: Active ban, active mute, active superstar
+        cls.created_infractions["active ban, mute, and superstar"] = InfractionFactory.create(
+            actor=cls.user_moderator,
+            infractions=(
+                {'type': 'ban', 'active': True, 'hidden': True},
+                {'type': 'mute', 'active': True, 'hidden': True},
+                {'type': 'superstar', 'active': True, 'hidden': True},
+                {'type': 'watch', 'active': True, 'hidden': True},
+            ),
+            infraction_model=cls.infraction_model,
+            user_model=cls.user_model,
+        )
+
+        # User #12: Multiple active bans, active mutes, active superstars
+        cls.created_infractions["multiple active bans, mutes, stars"] = InfractionFactory.create(
+            actor=cls.user_moderator,
+            infractions=(
+                {'type': 'ban', 'active': True, 'hidden': True},
+                {'type': 'ban', 'active': True, 'hidden': True},
+                {'type': 'ban', 'active': True, 'hidden': True},
+                {'type': 'mute', 'active': True, 'hidden': True},
+                {'type': 'mute', 'active': True, 'hidden': True},
+                {'type': 'mute', 'active': True, 'hidden': True},
+                {'type': 'superstar', 'active': True, 'hidden': True},
+                {'type': 'superstar', 'active': True, 'hidden': True},
+                {'type': 'superstar', 'active': True, 'hidden': True},
+                {'type': 'watch', 'active': True, 'hidden': True},
+                {'type': 'watch', 'active': True, 'hidden': True},
+                {'type': 'watch', 'active': True, 'hidden': True},
+            ),
+            infraction_model=cls.infraction_model,
+            user_model=cls.user_model,
+        )
+
+    def test_all_never_active_types_became_inactive(self):
+        """Are all infractions of a non-active type inactive after the migration?"""
+        inactive_type_query = Q(type="note") | Q(type="warning") | Q(type="kick")
+        self.assertFalse(
+            self.infraction_model.objects.filter(inactive_type_query, active=True).exists()
+        )
+
+    def test_migration_left_clean_user_without_infractions(self):
+        """Do users without infractions have no infractions after the migration?"""
+        user_id, infraction_history = self.created_infractions["no infractions"]
+        self.assertFalse(
+            self.infraction_model.objects.filter(user__id=user_id).exists()
+        )
+
+    def test_migration_left_user_with_inactive_note_untouched(self):
+        """Did the migration leave users with only an inactive note untouched?"""
+        user_id, infraction_history = self.created_infractions["one inactive note"]
+        inactive_note = infraction_history[0]
+        self.assertTrue(
+            self.infraction_model.objects.filter(**model_to_dict(inactive_note)).exists()
+        )
+
+    def test_migration_only_touched_active_field_of_active_note(self):
+        """Does the migration only change the `active` field?"""
+        user_id, infraction_history = self.created_infractions["one active note"]
+        note = model_to_dict(infraction_history[0])
+        note['active'] = False
+        self.assertTrue(
+            self.infraction_model.objects.filter(**note).exists()
+        )
+
+    def test_migration_only_touched_active_field_of_active_note_left_inactive_untouched(self):
+        """Does the migration only change the `active` field of active notes?"""
+        user_id, infraction_history = self.created_infractions["one active and one inactive note"]
+        for note in infraction_history:
+            with self.subTest(active=note.active):
+                note = model_to_dict(note)
+                note['active'] = False
+                self.assertTrue(
+                    self.infraction_model.objects.filter(**note).exists()
+                )
+
+    def test_migration_migrates_all_nonactive_types_to_inactive(self):
+        """Do we set the `active` field of all non-active infractions to `False`?"""
+        user_id, infraction_history = self.created_infractions["active note, kick, warning"]
+        self.assertFalse(
+            self.infraction_model.objects.filter(user__id=user_id, active=True).exists()
+        )
+
+    def test_migration_leaves_user_with_one_active_ban_untouched(self):
+        """Do we leave a user with one active and one inactive ban untouched?"""
+        user_id, infraction_history = self.created_infractions["one inactive and one active ban"]
+        for infraction in infraction_history:
+            with self.subTest(active=infraction.active):
+                self.assertTrue(
+                    self.infraction_model.objects.filter(**model_to_dict(infraction)).exists()
+                )
+
+    def test_migration_turns_double_active_perm_ban_into_single_active_perm_ban(self):
+        """Does the migration turn two active permanent bans into one active permanent ban?"""
+        user_id, infraction_history = self.created_infractions["two active perm bans"]
+        active_count = self.infraction_model.objects.filter(user__id=user_id, active=True).count()
+        self.assertEqual(active_count, 1)
+
+    def test_migration_leaves_temporary_ban_with_longest_duration_active(self):
+        """Does the migration turn two active permanent bans into one active permanent ban?"""
+        user_id, infraction_history = self.created_infractions["multiple active temp bans"]
+        active_ban = self.infraction_model.objects.get(user__id=user_id, active=True)
+        self.assertEqual(active_ban.expires_at, infraction_history[2].expires_at)
+
+    def test_migration_leaves_permanent_ban_active(self):
+        """Does the migration leave the permanent ban active?"""
+        user_id, infraction_history = self.created_infractions["active perm, two active temp bans"]
+        active_ban = self.infraction_model.objects.get(user__id=user_id, active=True)
+        self.assertIsNone(active_ban.expires_at)
+
+    def test_migration_leaves_longest_temp_ban_active_with_inactive_permanent_ban(self):
+        """Does the longest temp ban stay active, even with an inactive perm ban present?"""
+        user_id, infraction_history = self.created_infractions[
+            "one inactive perm ban, two active temp bans"
+        ]
+        active_ban = self.infraction_model.objects.get(user__id=user_id, active=True)
+        self.assertEqual(active_ban.expires_at, infraction_history[0].expires_at)
+
+    def test_migration_leaves_all_active_types_active_if_one_of_each_exists(self):
+        """Do all active infractions stay active if only one of each is present?"""
+        user_id, infraction_history = self.created_infractions["active ban, mute, and superstar"]
+        active_count = self.infraction_model.objects.filter(user__id=user_id, active=True).count()
+        self.assertEqual(active_count, 4)
+
+    def test_migration_reduces_all_active_types_to_a_single_active_infraction(self):
+        """Do we reduce all of the infraction types to one active infraction?"""
+        user_id, infraction_history = self.created_infractions["multiple active bans, mutes, stars"]
+        active_infractions = self.infraction_model.objects.filter(user__id=user_id, active=True)
+        self.assertEqual(len(active_infractions), 4)
+        types_observed = [infraction.type for infraction in active_infractions]
+
+        for infraction_type in ('ban', 'mute', 'superstar', 'watch'):
+            with self.subTest(type=infraction_type):
+                self.assertIn(infraction_type, types_observed)
diff --git a/pydis_site/apps/api/tests/migrations/test_base.py b/pydis_site/apps/api/tests/migrations/test_base.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f69bc92c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pydis_site/apps/api/tests/migrations/test_base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+import logging
+from unittest.mock import call, patch
+
+from django.db.migrations.loader import MigrationLoader
+from django.test import TestCase
+
+from .base import MigrationsTestCase, connection
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class SpanishInquisition(MigrationsTestCase):
+    app = "api"
+    migration_prior = "scragly"
+    migration_target = "kosa"
+
+
+@patch("pydis_site.apps.api.tests.migrations.base.MigrationExecutor")
+class MigrationsTestCaseNoSideEffectsTests(TestCase):
+    """Tests the MigrationTestCase class with actual migration side effects disabled."""
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """Set up an instance of MigrationsTestCase for use in tests."""
+        self.test_case = SpanishInquisition()
+
+    def test_missing_app_class_raises_value_error(self, _migration_executor):
+        """A MigrationsTestCase subclass should set the class-attribute `app`."""
+        class Spam(MigrationsTestCase):
+            pass
+
+        spam = Spam()
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError, msg="The `app` attribute was not set."):
+            spam.setUpTestData()
+
+    def test_missing_migration_class_attributes_raise_value_error(self, _migration_executor):
+        """A MigrationsTestCase subclass should set both `migration_prior` and `migration_target`"""
+        class Eggs(MigrationsTestCase):
+            app = "api"
+            migration_target = "lemon"
+
+        class Bacon(MigrationsTestCase):
+            app = "api"
+            migration_prior = "mark"
+
+        instances = (Eggs(), Bacon())
+
+        exception_message = "Both ` migration_prior` and `migration_target` need to be set."
+        for instance in instances:
+            with self.subTest(
+                    migration_prior=instance.migration_prior,
+                    migration_target=instance.migration_target,
+            ):
+                with self.assertRaises(ValueError, msg=exception_message):
+                    instance.setUpTestData()
+
+    @patch(f"{__name__}.SpanishInquisition.setUpMigrationData")
+    @patch(f"{__name__}.SpanishInquisition.setUpPostMigrationData")
+    def test_migration_data_hooks_are_called_once(self, pre_hook, post_hook, _migration_executor):
+        """The `setUpMigrationData` and `setUpPostMigrationData` hooks should be called once."""
+        self.test_case.setUpTestData()
+        for hook in (pre_hook, post_hook):
+            with self.subTest(hook=repr(hook)):
+                hook.assert_called_once()
+
+    def test_migration_executor_is_instantiated_twice(self, migration_executor):
+        """The `MigrationExecutor` should be instantiated with the database connection twice."""
+        self.test_case.setUpTestData()
+
+        expected_args = [call(connection), call(connection)]
+        self.assertEqual(migration_executor.call_args_list, expected_args)
+
+    def test_project_state_is_loaded_for_correct_migration_files_twice(self, migration_executor):
+        """The `project_state` should first be loaded with `migrate_from`, then `migrate_to`."""
+        self.test_case.setUpTestData()
+
+        expected_args = [call(self.test_case.migrate_from), call(self.test_case.migrate_to)]
+        self.assertEqual(migration_executor().loader.project_state.call_args_list, expected_args)
+
+    def test_loader_build_graph_gets_called_once(self, migration_executor):
+        """We should rebuild the migration graph before applying the second set of migrations."""
+        self.test_case.setUpTestData()
+
+        migration_executor().loader.build_graph.assert_called_once()
+
+    def test_migration_executor_migrate_method_is_called_correctly_twice(self, migration_executor):
+        """The migrate method of the executor should be called twice with the correct arguments."""
+        self.test_case.setUpTestData()
+
+        self.assertEqual(migration_executor().migrate.call_count, 2)
+        calls = [call([('api', 'scragly')]), call([('api', 'kosa')])]
+        migration_executor().migrate.assert_has_calls(calls)
+
+
+class LifeOfBrian(MigrationsTestCase):
+    app = "api"
+    migration_prior = "0046_reminder_jump_url"
+    migration_target = "0048_add_infractions_unique_constraints_active"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def log_last_migration(cls):
+        """Parses the applied migrations dictionary to log the last applied migration."""
+        loader = MigrationLoader(connection)
+        api_migrations = [
+            migration for app, migration in loader.applied_migrations if app == cls.app
+        ]
+        last_migration = max(api_migrations, key=lambda name: int(name[:4]))
+        log.info(f"The last applied migration: {last_migration}")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpMigrationData(cls, apps):
+        """Method that logs the last applied migration at this point."""
+        cls.log_last_migration()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpPostMigrationData(cls, apps):
+        """Method that logs the last applied migration at this point."""
+        cls.log_last_migration()
+
+
+class MigrationsTestCaseMigrationTest(TestCase):
+    """Tests if `MigrationsTestCase` travels to the right points in the migration history."""
+
+    def test_migrations_test_case_travels_to_correct_migrations_in_history(self):
+        """The test case should first revert to `migration_prior`, then go to `migration_target`."""
+        brian = LifeOfBrian()
+
+        with self.assertLogs(log, level=logging.INFO) as logs:
+            brian.setUpTestData()
+
+            self.assertEqual(len(logs.records), 2)
+
+            for time_point, record in zip(("migration_prior", "migration_target"), logs.records):
+                with self.subTest(time_point=time_point):
+                    message = f"The last applied migration: {getattr(brian, time_point)}"
+                    self.assertEqual(record.getMessage(), message)
diff --git a/pydis_site/apps/api/tests/test_infractions.py b/pydis_site/apps/api/tests/test_infractions.py
index c58c32e2..7a54640e 100644
--- a/pydis_site/apps/api/tests/test_infractions.py
+++ b/pydis_site/apps/api/tests/test_infractions.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 from datetime import datetime as dt, timedelta, timezone
+from unittest.mock import patch
 from urllib.parse import quote
 
+from django.db.utils import IntegrityError
 from django_hosts.resolvers import reverse
 
 from .base import APISubdomainTestCase
@@ -167,6 +169,12 @@ class CreationTests(APISubdomainTestCase):
             discriminator=1,
             avatar_hash=None
         )
+        cls.second_user = User.objects.create(
+            id=6,
+            name='carl',
+            discriminator=2,
+            avatar_hash=None
+        )
 
     def test_accepts_valid_data(self):
         url = reverse('bot:infraction-list', host='api')
@@ -305,6 +313,187 @@ class CreationTests(APISubdomainTestCase):
             'hidden': [f'{data["type"]} infractions must be hidden.']
         })
 
+    def test_returns_400_for_active_infraction_of_type_that_cannot_be_active(self):
+        """Test if the API rejects active infractions for types that cannot be active."""
+        url = reverse('bot:infraction-list', host='api')
+        restricted_types = (
+            ('note', True),
+            ('warning', False),
+            ('kick', False),
+        )
+
+        for infraction_type, hidden in restricted_types:
+            with self.subTest(infraction_type=infraction_type):
+                invalid_infraction = {
+                    'user': self.user.id,
+                    'actor': self.user.id,
+                    'type': infraction_type,
+                    'reason': 'Take me on!',
+                    'hidden': hidden,
+                    'active': True,
+                    'expires_at': None,
+                }
+                response = self.client.post(url, data=invalid_infraction)
+                self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 400)
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    response.json(),
+                    {'active': [f'{infraction_type} infractions cannot be active.']}
+                )
+
+    def test_returns_400_for_second_active_infraction_of_the_same_type(self):
+        """Test if the API rejects a second active infraction of the same type for a given user."""
+        url = reverse('bot:infraction-list', host='api')
+        active_infraction_types = ('mute', 'ban', 'superstar')
+
+        for infraction_type in active_infraction_types:
+            with self.subTest(infraction_type=infraction_type):
+                first_active_infraction = {
+                    'user': self.user.id,
+                    'actor': self.user.id,
+                    'type': infraction_type,
+                    'reason': 'Take me on!',
+                    'active': True,
+                    'expires_at': '2019-10-04T12:52:00+00:00'
+                }
+
+                # Post the first active infraction of a type and confirm it's accepted.
+                first_response = self.client.post(url, data=first_active_infraction)
+                self.assertEqual(first_response.status_code, 201)
+
+                second_active_infraction = {
+                    'user': self.user.id,
+                    'actor': self.user.id,
+                    'type': infraction_type,
+                    'reason': 'Take on me!',
+                    'active': True,
+                    'expires_at': '2019-10-04T12:52:00+00:00'
+                }
+                second_response = self.client.post(url, data=second_active_infraction)
+                self.assertEqual(second_response.status_code, 400)
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    second_response.json(),
+                    {
+                        'non_field_errors': [
+                            'This user already has an active infraction of this type.'
+                        ]
+                    }
+                )
+
+    def test_returns_201_for_second_active_infraction_of_different_type(self):
+        """Test if the API accepts a second active infraction of a different type than the first."""
+        url = reverse('bot:infraction-list', host='api')
+        first_active_infraction = {
+            'user': self.user.id,
+            'actor': self.user.id,
+            'type': 'mute',
+            'reason': 'Be silent!',
+            'hidden': True,
+            'active': True,
+            'expires_at': '2019-10-04T12:52:00+00:00'
+        }
+        second_active_infraction = {
+            'user': self.user.id,
+            'actor': self.user.id,
+            'type': 'ban',
+            'reason': 'Be gone!',
+            'hidden': True,
+            'active': True,
+            'expires_at': '2019-10-05T12:52:00+00:00'
+        }
+        # Post the first active infraction of a type and confirm it's accepted.
+        first_response = self.client.post(url, data=first_active_infraction)
+        self.assertEqual(first_response.status_code, 201)
+
+        # Post the first active infraction of a type and confirm it's accepted.
+        second_response = self.client.post(url, data=second_active_infraction)
+        self.assertEqual(second_response.status_code, 201)
+
+    def test_unique_constraint_raises_integrity_error_on_second_active_of_same_type(self):
+        """Do we raise `IntegrityError` for the second active infraction of a type for a user?"""
+        Infraction.objects.create(
+            user=self.user,
+            actor=self.user,
+            type="ban",
+            active=True,
+            reason="The first active ban"
+        )
+        with self.assertRaises(IntegrityError):
+            Infraction.objects.create(
+                user=self.user,
+                actor=self.user,
+                type="ban",
+                active=True,
+                reason="The second active ban"
+            )
+
+    def test_unique_constraint_accepts_active_infraction_after_inactive_infraction(self):
+        """Do we accept an active infraction if the others of the same type are inactive?"""
+        try:
+            Infraction.objects.create(
+                user=self.user,
+                actor=self.user,
+                type="ban",
+                active=False,
+                reason="The first inactive ban"
+            )
+            Infraction.objects.create(
+                user=self.user,
+                actor=self.user,
+                type="ban",
+                active=False,
+                reason="The second inactive ban"
+            )
+            Infraction.objects.create(
+                user=self.user,
+                actor=self.user,
+                type="ban",
+                active=True,
+                reason="The first active ban"
+            )
+        except IntegrityError:
+            self.fail("An unexpected IntegrityError was raised.")
+
+    @patch(f"{__name__}.Infraction")
+    def test_if_accepts_active_infraction_test_catches_integrity_error(self, infraction_patch):
+        """Does the test properly catch the IntegrityError and raise an AssertionError?"""
+        infraction_patch.objects.create.side_effect = IntegrityError
+        with self.assertRaises(AssertionError, msg="An unexpected IntegrityError was raised."):
+            self.test_unique_constraint_accepts_active_infraction_after_inactive_infraction()
+
+    def test_unique_constraint_accepts_second_active_of_different_type(self):
+        """Do we accept a second active infraction of a different type for a given user?"""
+        Infraction.objects.create(
+            user=self.user,
+            actor=self.user,
+            type="ban",
+            active=True,
+            reason="The first active ban"
+        )
+        Infraction.objects.create(
+            user=self.user,
+            actor=self.user,
+            type="mute",
+            active=True,
+            reason="The first active mute"
+        )
+
+    def test_unique_constraint_accepts_active_infractions_for_different_users(self):
+        """Do we accept two active infractions of the same type for two different users?"""
+        Infraction.objects.create(
+            user=self.user,
+            actor=self.user,
+            type="ban",
+            active=True,
+            reason="An active ban for the first user"
+        )
+        Infraction.objects.create(
+            user=self.second_user,
+            actor=self.second_user,
+            type="ban",
+            active=False,
+            reason="An active ban for the second user"
+        )
+
 
 class ExpandedTests(APISubdomainTestCase):
     @classmethod
@@ -318,12 +507,14 @@ class ExpandedTests(APISubdomainTestCase):
         cls.kick = Infraction.objects.create(
             user_id=cls.user.id,
             actor_id=cls.user.id,
-            type='kick'
+            type='kick',
+            active=False
         )
         cls.warning = Infraction.objects.create(
             user_id=cls.user.id,
             actor_id=cls.user.id,
-            type='warning'
+            type='warning',
+            active=False,
         )
 
     def check_expanded_fields(self, infraction):