Merge branch 'master' into ks123/watchlist-trigger-reason

author: Xithrius <[email protected]> 2021-03-06 07:13:08 -0800
committer: GitHub <[email protected]> 2021-03-06 07:13:08 -0800
commit: 1552dd031dd508af4bc54ce7070aaae5858444df (patch)
tree: 20121fe09df73fdc7493b3f5638a619b34e90d96
parent: Remove compatibility-none returns from filters (diff)
parent: Merge pull request #1392 from ChrisLovering/Don't-suggest-when-a-tag-is-on-co... (diff)
41 files changed, 932 insertions, 501 deletions
diff --git a/.github/CODEOWNERS b/.github/CODEOWNERS
index ad813d893..7217cb443 100644
--- a/.github/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/.github/CODEOWNERS
@@ -7,11 +7,15 @@ bot/exts/utils/extensions.py            @MarkKoz
 bot/exts/utils/snekbox.py               @MarkKoz @Akarys42
 bot/exts/help_channels/**               @MarkKoz @Akarys42
 bot/exts/moderation/**                  @Akarys42 @mbaruh @Den4200 @ks129
-bot/exts/info/**                        @Akarys42 @mbaruh @Den4200
+bot/exts/info/**                        @Akarys42 @Den4200
+bot/exts/info/information.py            @mbaruh
 bot/exts/filters/**                     @mbaruh
 bot/exts/fun/**                         @ks129
 bot/exts/utils/**                       @ks129
 
+# Rules
+bot/rules/**                            @mbaruh
+
 # Utils
 bot/utils/extensions.py                 @MarkKoz
 bot/utils/function.py                   @MarkKoz
diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
index 5d0380b44..1a75e5669 100644
--- a/Dockerfile
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -1,14 +1,10 @@
 FROM python:3.8-slim
 
-# Define Git SHA build argument
-ARG git_sha="development"
-
 # Set pip to have cleaner logs and no saved cache
 ENV PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=false \
     PIPENV_HIDE_EMOJIS=1 \
     PIPENV_IGNORE_VIRTUALENVS=1 \
-    PIPENV_NOSPIN=1 \
-    GIT_SHA=$git_sha
+    PIPENV_NOSPIN=1
 
 RUN apt-get -y update \
     && apt-get install -y \
@@ -25,6 +21,12 @@ WORKDIR /bot
 COPY Pipfile* ./
 RUN pipenv install --system --deploy
 
+# Define Git SHA build argument
+ARG git_sha="development"
+
+# Set Git SHA environment variable for Sentry
+ENV GIT_SHA=$git_sha
+
 # Copy the source code in last to optimize rebuilding the image
 COPY . .
 
diff --git a/Pipfile b/Pipfile
index efdd46522..024aa6eff 100644
--- a/Pipfile
+++ b/Pipfile
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ name = "pypi"
 [packages]
 aio-pika = "~=6.1"
 aiodns = "~=2.0"
-aiohttp = "~=3.5"
+aiohttp = "~=3.7"
 aioping = "~=0.3.1"
 aioredis = "~=1.3.1"
 "async-rediscache[fakeredis]" = "~=0.1.2"
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ sphinx = "~=2.2"
 statsd = "~=3.3"
 arrow = "~=0.17"
 emoji = "~=0.6"
+python-json-logger = "~=2.0"
 
 [dev-packages]
 coverage = "~=5.0"
diff --git a/Pipfile.lock b/Pipfile.lock
index 636d07b1a..dc7f6f21f 100644
--- a/Pipfile.lock
+++ b/Pipfile.lock
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
     "_meta": {
         "hash": {
-            "sha256": "26c8089f17d6d6bac11dbed366b1b46818b4546f243af756a106a32af5d9d8f6"
+            "sha256": "81ca9d1891e71de1c3f71958f082e1a8cad71e5b3ca425dc561d0ae74664fdb0"
         },
         "pipfile-spec": 6,
         "requires": {
@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@
     "default": {
         "aio-pika": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:9773440a89840941ac3099a7720bf9d51e8764a484066b82ede4d395660ff430",
-                "sha256:a8065be3c722eb8f9fff8c0e7590729e7782202cdb9363d9830d7d5d47b45c7c"
+                "sha256:1d4305a5f78af3857310b4fe48348cdcf6c097e0e275ea88c2cd08570531a369",
+                "sha256:e69afef8695f47c5d107bbdba21bdb845d5c249acb3be53ef5c2d497b02657c0"
             ],
             "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==6.7.1"
+            "version": "==6.8.0"
         },
         "aiodns": {
             "hashes": [
@@ -34,46 +34,46 @@
         },
         "aiohttp": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:0b795072bb1bf87b8620120a6373a3c61bfcb8da7e5c2377f4bb23ff4f0b62c9",
-                "sha256:0d438c8ca703b1b714e82ed5b7a4412c82577040dadff479c08405e2a715564f",
-                "sha256:16a3cb5df5c56f696234ea9e65e227d1ebe9c18aa774d36ff42f532139066a5f",
-                "sha256:1edfd82a98c5161497bbb111b2b70c0813102ad7e0aa81cbeb34e64c93863005",
-                "sha256:2406dc1dda01c7f6060ab586e4601f18affb7a6b965c50a8c90ff07569cf782a",
-                "sha256:2858b2504c8697beb9357be01dc47ef86438cc1cb36ecb6991796d19475faa3e",
-                "sha256:2a7b7640167ab536c3cb90cfc3977c7094f1c5890d7eeede8b273c175c3910fd",
-                "sha256:3228b7a51e3ed533f5472f54f70fd0b0a64c48dc1649a0f0e809bec312934d7a",
-                "sha256:328b552513d4f95b0a2eea4c8573e112866107227661834652a8984766aa7656",
-                "sha256:39f4b0a6ae22a1c567cb0630c30dd082481f95c13ca528dc501a7766b9c718c0",
-                "sha256:3b0036c978cbcc4a4512278e98e3e6d9e6b834dc973206162eddf98b586ef1c6",
-                "sha256:3ea8c252d8df5e9166bcf3d9edced2af132f4ead8ac422eac723c5781063709a",
-                "sha256:41608c0acbe0899c852281978492f9ce2c6fbfaf60aff0cefc54a7c4516b822c",
-                "sha256:59d11674964b74a81b149d4ceaff2b674b3b0e4d0f10f0be1533e49c4a28408b",
-                "sha256:5e479df4b2d0f8f02133b7e4430098699450e1b2a826438af6bec9a400530957",
-                "sha256:684850fb1e3e55c9220aad007f8386d8e3e477c4ec9211ae54d968ecdca8c6f9",
-                "sha256:6ccc43d68b81c424e46192a778f97da94ee0630337c9bbe5b2ecc9b0c1c59001",
-                "sha256:6d42debaf55450643146fabe4b6817bb2a55b23698b0434107e892a43117285e",
-                "sha256:710376bf67d8ff4500a31d0c207b8941ff4fba5de6890a701d71680474fe2a60",
-                "sha256:756ae7efddd68d4ea7d89c636b703e14a0c686688d42f588b90778a3c2fc0564",
-                "sha256:77149002d9386fae303a4a162e6bce75cc2161347ad2ba06c2f0182561875d45",
-                "sha256:78e2f18a82b88cbc37d22365cf8d2b879a492faedb3f2975adb4ed8dfe994d3a",
-                "sha256:7d9b42127a6c0bdcc25c3dcf252bb3ddc70454fac593b1b6933ae091396deb13",
-                "sha256:8389d6044ee4e2037dca83e3f6994738550f6ee8cfb746762283fad9b932868f",
-                "sha256:9c1a81af067e72261c9cbe33ea792893e83bc6aa987bfbd6fdc1e5e7b22777c4",
-                "sha256:c1e0920909d916d3375c7a1fdb0b1c78e46170e8bb42792312b6eb6676b2f87f",
-                "sha256:c68fdf21c6f3573ae19c7ee65f9ff185649a060c9a06535e9c3a0ee0bbac9235",
-                "sha256:c733ef3bdcfe52a1a75564389bad4064352274036e7e234730526d155f04d914",
-                "sha256:c9c58b0b84055d8bc27b7df5a9d141df4ee6ff59821f922dd73155861282f6a3",
-                "sha256:d03abec50df423b026a5aa09656bd9d37f1e6a49271f123f31f9b8aed5dc3ea3",
-                "sha256:d2cfac21e31e841d60dc28c0ec7d4ec47a35c608cb8906435d47ef83ffb22150",
-                "sha256:dcc119db14757b0c7bce64042158307b9b1c76471e655751a61b57f5a0e4d78e",
-                "sha256:df3a7b258cc230a65245167a202dd07320a5af05f3d41da1488ba0fa05bc9347",
-                "sha256:df48a623c58180874d7407b4d9ec06a19b84ed47f60a3884345b1a5099c1818b",
-                "sha256:e1b95972a0ae3f248a899cdbac92ba2e01d731225f566569311043ce2226f5e7",
-                "sha256:f326b3c1bbfda5b9308252ee0dcb30b612ee92b0e105d4abec70335fab5b1245",
-                "sha256:f411cb22115cb15452d099fec0ee636b06cf81bfb40ed9c02d30c8dc2bc2e3d1"
+                "sha256:119feb2bd551e58d83d1b38bfa4cb921af8ddedec9fad7183132db334c3133e0",
+                "sha256:16d0683ef8a6d803207f02b899c928223eb219111bd52420ef3d7a8aa76227b6",
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+                "sha256:4c1bdbfdd231a20eee3e56bd0ac1cd88c4ff41b64ab679ed65b75c9c74b6c5c2",
+                "sha256:5563ad7fde451b1986d42b9bb9140e2599ecf4f8e42241f6da0d3d624b776f40",
+                "sha256:58c62152c4c8731a3152e7e650b29ace18304d086cb5552d317a54ff2749d32a",
+                "sha256:5b50e0b9460100fe05d7472264d1975f21ac007b35dcd6fd50279b72925a27f4",
+                "sha256:5d84ecc73141d0a0d61ece0742bb7ff5751b0657dab8405f899d3ceb104cc7de",
+                "sha256:5dde6d24bacac480be03f4f864e9a67faac5032e28841b00533cd168ab39cad9",
+                "sha256:5e91e927003d1ed9283dee9abcb989334fc8e72cf89ebe94dc3e07e3ff0b11e9",
+                "sha256:62bc216eafac3204877241569209d9ba6226185aa6d561c19159f2e1cbb6abfb",
+                "sha256:6c8200abc9dc5f27203986100579fc19ccad7a832c07d2bc151ce4ff17190076",
+                "sha256:6ca56bdfaf825f4439e9e3673775e1032d8b6ea63b8953d3812c71bd6a8b81de",
+                "sha256:71680321a8a7176a58dfbc230789790639db78dad61a6e120b39f314f43f1907",
+                "sha256:7c7820099e8b3171e54e7eedc33e9450afe7cd08172632d32128bd527f8cb77d",
+                "sha256:7dbd087ff2f4046b9b37ba28ed73f15fd0bc9f4fdc8ef6781913da7f808d9536",
+                "sha256:822bd4fd21abaa7b28d65fc9871ecabaddc42767884a626317ef5b75c20e8a2d",
+                "sha256:8ec1a38074f68d66ccb467ed9a673a726bb397142c273f90d4ba954666e87d54",
+                "sha256:950b7ef08b2afdab2488ee2edaff92a03ca500a48f1e1aaa5900e73d6cf992bc",
+                "sha256:99c5a5bf7135607959441b7d720d96c8e5c46a1f96e9d6d4c9498be8d5f24212",
+                "sha256:b84ad94868e1e6a5e30d30ec419956042815dfaea1b1df1cef623e4564c374d9",
+                "sha256:bc3d14bf71a3fb94e5acf5bbf67331ab335467129af6416a437bd6024e4f743d",
+                "sha256:c2a80fd9a8d7e41b4e38ea9fe149deed0d6aaede255c497e66b8213274d6d61b",
+                "sha256:c44d3c82a933c6cbc21039326767e778eface44fca55c65719921c4b9661a3f7",
+                "sha256:cc31e906be1cc121ee201adbdf844522ea3349600dd0a40366611ca18cd40e81",
+                "sha256:d5d102e945ecca93bcd9801a7bb2fa703e37ad188a2f81b1e65e4abe4b51b00c",
+                "sha256:dd7936f2a6daa861143e376b3a1fb56e9b802f4980923594edd9ca5670974895",
+                "sha256:dee68ec462ff10c1d836c0ea2642116aba6151c6880b688e56b4c0246770f297",
+                "sha256:e76e78863a4eaec3aee5722d85d04dcbd9844bc6cd3bfa6aa880ff46ad16bfcb",
+                "sha256:eab51036cac2da8a50d7ff0ea30be47750547c9aa1aa2cf1a1b710a1827e7dbe",
+                "sha256:f4496d8d04da2e98cc9133e238ccebf6a13ef39a93da2e87146c8c8ac9768242",
+                "sha256:fbd3b5e18d34683decc00d9a360179ac1e7a320a5fee10ab8053ffd6deab76e0",
+                "sha256:feb24ff1226beeb056e247cf2e24bba5232519efb5645121c4aea5b6ad74c1f2"
             ],
             "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==3.7.3"
+            "version": "==3.7.4"
         },
         "aioping": {
             "hashes": [
@@ -168,44 +168,45 @@
         },
         "cffi": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:00a1ba5e2e95684448de9b89888ccd02c98d512064b4cb987d48f4b40aa0421e",
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-            ],
-            "version": "==1.14.4"
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+                "sha256:bb89f306e5da99f4d922728ddcd6f7fcebb3241fc40edebcb7284d7514741991",
+                "sha256:cbde590d4faaa07c72bf979734738f328d239913ba3e043b1e98fe9a39f8b2b6",
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+                "sha256:fd78e5fee591709f32ef6edb9a015b4aa1a5022598e36227500c8f4e02328d9c"
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+            "version": "==1.14.5"
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@@ -363,11 +364,11 @@
         },
         "jinja2": {
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-            "version": "==2.11.2"
+            "version": "==2.11.3"
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@@ -427,8 +428,12 @@
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@@ -437,35 +442,50 @@
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                 "sha256:6dd73240d2af64df90aa7c4e7481e23825ea70af4b4922f8ede5b9e35f78a3b1",
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                 "sha256:7c1699dfe0cf8ff607dbdcc1e9b9af1755371f92a68f706051cc8c37d447c905",
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                 "sha256:8defac2f2ccd6805ebf65f5eeb132adcf2ab57aa11fdf4c0dd5169a004710e7d",
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                 "sha256:ba59edeaa2fc6114428f1637ffff42da1e311e29382d81b339c1817d37ec93c6",
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                 "sha256:c8716a48d94b06bb3b2524c2b77e055fb313aeb4ea620c8dd03a105574ba704f",
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-                "sha256:e8313f01ba26fbbe36c7be1966a7b7424942f670f38e666995b88d012765b9be"
+                "sha256:e8313f01ba26fbbe36c7be1966a7b7424942f670f38e666995b88d012765b9be",
+                "sha256:feb7b34d6325451ef96bc0e36e1a6c0c1c64bc1fbec4b854f4529e51887b1621"
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             "version": "==1.1.1"
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         "more-itertools": {
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-                "sha256:b3a9005928e5bed54076e6e549c792b306fddfe72b2d1d22dd63d42d5d3899cf"
+                "sha256:5652a9ac72209ed7df8d9c15daf4e1aa0e3d2ccd3c87f8265a0673cd9cbc9ced",
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-            "version": "==8.6.0"
+            "version": "==8.7.0"
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@@ -519,11 +539,11 @@
         },
         "packaging": {
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-                "sha256:24e0da08660a87484d1602c30bb4902d74816b6985b93de36926f5bc95741858",
-                "sha256:78598185a7008a470d64526a8059de9aaa449238f280fc9eb6b13ba6c4109093"
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-            "version": "==20.8"
+            "version": "==20.9"
         },
         "pamqp": {
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@@ -576,18 +596,18 @@
         },
         "pygments": {
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-                "sha256:df49d09b498e83c1a73128295860250b0b7edd4c723a32e9bc0d295c7c2ec337"
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             "markers": "python_version >= '3.5'",
-            "version": "==2.7.4"
+            "version": "==2.8.0"
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                 "sha256:ef9d7589ef3c200abe66653d3f1ab1033c3c419ae9b9bdb1240a85b024efc88b"
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-            "markers": "python_version >= '2.6' and python_version not in '3.0, 3.1, 3.2'",
+            "markers": "python_version >= '2.6' and python_version not in '3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3'",
             "version": "==2.4.7"
         },
         "python-dateutil": {
@@ -598,31 +618,46 @@
             "index": "pypi",
             "version": "==2.8.1"
         },
+        "python-json-logger": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:f26eea7898db40609563bed0a7ca11af12e2a79858632706d835a0f961b7d398"
+            ],
+            "index": "pypi",
+            "version": "==2.0.1"
+        },
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-                "sha256:180befebb1927b16f6b57101720075a984c019ac16b1b7575673bea42c6c3da5"
+                "sha256:83a4a90894bf38e243cf052c8b58f381bfe9a7a483f6a9cab140bc7f702ac4da",
+                "sha256:eb10ce3e7736052ed3623d49975ce333bcd712c7bb19a58b9e2089d4057d0798"
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-            "version": "==2020.5"
+            "version": "==2021.1"
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         "pyyaml": {
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-            "version": "==5.3.1"
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@@ -642,26 +677,26 @@
         },
         "sentry-sdk": {
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-            "version": "==0.19.5"
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                 "sha256:8b74bedcbbbaca38ff6d7491d76f2b06b3592611af620f8426e82dddb04a5ced"
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-            "markers": "python_version >= '2.7' and python_version not in '3.0, 3.1, 3.2'",
+            "markers": "python_version >= '2.7' and python_version not in '3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3'",
             "version": "==1.15.0"
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         "snowballstemmer": {
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-                "sha256:df3bac3df4c2c01363f3dd2cfa78cce2840a79b9f1c2d2de9ce8d31683992f52"
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@@ -672,11 +707,11 @@
         },
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-                "sha256:6dc52924dc0bc710a5d16794e6b3480b2c7c08b07729505feab2b2c16661ff6e"
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             "markers": "python_version >= '3.0'",
-            "version": "==2.1"
+            "version": "==2.2"
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         "sphinx": {
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@@ -752,11 +787,11 @@
         },
         "urllib3": {
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-                "sha256:d8ff90d979214d7b4f8ce956e80f4028fc6860e4431f731ea4a8c08f23f99473"
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-            "version": "==1.26.2"
+            "version": "==1.26.3"
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         "yarl": {
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@@ -842,58 +877,61 @@
         },
         "coverage": {
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@@ -933,11 +971,11 @@
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@@ -1033,11 +1071,11 @@
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@@ -1065,22 +1103,30 @@
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@@ -1095,39 +1141,39 @@
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+                "sha256:de3eedaad74a2683334e282005cd8d7f22f4d55fa690a2a1020a416cb0a47e73"
             ],
             "markers": "python_version >= '2.7' and python_version not in '3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4' and python_version < '4'",
-            "version": "==1.26.2"
+            "version": "==1.26.3"
         },
         "virtualenv": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:0c111a2236b191422b37fe8c28b8c828ced39aab4bf5627fa5c331aeffb570d9",
-                "sha256:14b34341e742bdca219e10708198e704e8a7064dd32f474fc16aca68ac53a306"
+                "sha256:147b43894e51dd6bba882cf9c282447f780e2251cd35172403745fc381a0a80d",
+                "sha256:2be72df684b74df0ea47679a7df93fd0e04e72520022c57b479d8f881485dbe3"
             ],
             "markers": "python_version >= '2.7' and python_version not in '3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3'",
-            "version": "==20.3.1"
+            "version": "==20.4.2"
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/bot/__main__.py b/bot/__main__.py
index 257216fa7..9317563c8 100644
--- a/bot/__main__.py
+++ b/bot/__main__.py
@@ -1,10 +1,28 @@
+import logging
+
+import aiohttp
+
 import bot
 from bot import constants
-from bot.bot import Bot
+from bot.bot import Bot, StartupError
 from bot.log import setup_sentry
 
 setup_sentry()
 
-bot.instance = Bot.create()
-bot.instance.load_extensions()
-bot.instance.run(constants.Bot.token)
+try:
+    bot.instance = Bot.create()
+    bot.instance.load_extensions()
+    bot.instance.run(constants.Bot.token)
+except StartupError as e:
+    message = "Unknown Startup Error Occurred."
+    if isinstance(e.exception, (aiohttp.ClientConnectorError, aiohttp.ServerDisconnectedError)):
+        message = "Could not connect to site API. Is it running?"
+    elif isinstance(e.exception, OSError):
+        message = "Could not connect to Redis. Is it running?"
+
+    # The exception is logged with an empty message so the actual message is visible at the bottom
+    log = logging.getLogger("bot")
+    log.fatal("", exc_info=e.exception)
+    log.fatal(message)
+
+    exit(69)
diff --git a/bot/api.py b/bot/api.py
index d93f9f2ba..6ce9481f4 100644
--- a/bot/api.py
+++ b/bot/api.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class APIClient:
 
     @staticmethod
     def _url_for(endpoint: str) -> str:
-        return f"{URLs.site_schema}{URLs.site_api}/{quote_url(endpoint)}"
+        return f"{URLs.site_api_schema}{URLs.site_api}/{quote_url(endpoint)}"
 
     async def close(self) -> None:
         """Close the aiohttp session."""
diff --git a/bot/bot.py b/bot/bot.py
index d5f108575..3a2af472d 100644
--- a/bot/bot.py
+++ b/bot/bot.py
@@ -19,6 +19,14 @@ log = logging.getLogger('bot')
 LOCALHOST = "127.0.0.1"
 
 
+class StartupError(Exception):
+    """Exception class for startup errors."""
+
+    def __init__(self, base: Exception):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.exception = base
+
+
 class Bot(commands.Bot):
     """A subclass of `discord.ext.commands.Bot` with an aiohttp session and an API client."""
 
@@ -81,6 +89,22 @@ class Bot(commands.Bot):
         for item in full_cache:
             self.insert_item_into_filter_list_cache(item)
 
+    async def ping_services(self) -> None:
+        """A helper to make sure all the services the bot relies on are available on startup."""
+        # Connect Site/API
+        attempts = 0
+        while True:
+            try:
+                log.info(f"Attempting site connection: {attempts + 1}/{constants.URLs.connect_max_retries}")
+                await self.api_client.get("healthcheck")
+                break
+
+            except (aiohttp.ClientConnectorError, aiohttp.ServerDisconnectedError):
+                attempts += 1
+                if attempts == constants.URLs.connect_max_retries:
+                    raise
+                await asyncio.sleep(constants.URLs.connect_cooldown)
+
     @classmethod
     def create(cls) -> "Bot":
         """Create and return an instance of a Bot."""
@@ -223,6 +247,11 @@ class Bot(commands.Bot):
             # here. Normally, this shouldn't happen.
             await self.redis_session.connect()
 
+        try:
+            await self.ping_services()
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise StartupError(e)
+
         # Build the FilterList cache
         await self.cache_filter_list_data()
 
@@ -318,5 +347,8 @@ def _create_redis_session(loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop) -> RedisSession:
         use_fakeredis=constants.Redis.use_fakeredis,
         global_namespace="bot",
     )
-    loop.run_until_complete(redis_session.connect())
+    try:
+        loop.run_until_complete(redis_session.connect())
+    except OSError as e:
+        raise StartupError(e)
     return redis_session
diff --git a/bot/constants.py b/bot/constants.py
index 95e22513f..394d59a73 100644
--- a/bot/constants.py
+++ b/bot/constants.py
@@ -246,13 +246,16 @@ class Colours(metaclass=YAMLGetter):
     section = "style"
     subsection = "colours"
 
+    blue: int
     bright_green: int
-    soft_green: int
-    soft_orange: int
-    soft_red: int
     orange: int
     pink: int
     purple: int
+    soft_green: int
+    soft_orange: int
+    soft_red: int
+    white: int
+    yellow: int
 
 
 class DuckPond(metaclass=YAMLGetter):
@@ -277,9 +280,9 @@ class Emojis(metaclass=YAMLGetter):
     badge_staff: str
     badge_verified_bot_developer: str
 
-    defcon_disabled: str  # noqa: E704
-    defcon_enabled: str  # noqa: E704
-    defcon_updated: str  # noqa: E704
+    defcon_shutdown: str  # noqa: E704
+    defcon_unshutdown: str  # noqa: E704
+    defcon_update: str  # noqa: E704
 
     failmail: str
 
@@ -316,13 +319,14 @@ class Icons(metaclass=YAMLGetter):
     crown_red: str
 
     defcon_denied: str    # noqa: E704
-    defcon_disabled: str  # noqa: E704
-    defcon_enabled: str   # noqa: E704
-    defcon_updated: str   # noqa: E704
+    defcon_shutdown: str  # noqa: E704
+    defcon_unshutdown: str   # noqa: E704
+    defcon_update: str   # noqa: E704
 
     filtering: str
 
     green_checkmark: str
+    green_questionmark: str
     guild_update: str
 
     hash_blurple: str
@@ -483,6 +487,7 @@ class Roles(metaclass=YAMLGetter):
 
     admins: int
     core_developers: int
+    devops: int
     helpers: int
     moderators: int
     owners: int
@@ -527,9 +532,12 @@ class URLs(metaclass=YAMLGetter):
     github_bot_repo: str
 
     # Base site vars
+    connect_max_retries: int
+    connect_cooldown: int
     site: str
     site_api: str
     site_schema: str
+    site_api_schema: str
 
     # Site endpoints
     site_logs_view: str
diff --git a/bot/converters.py b/bot/converters.py
index 0d9a519df..67525cd4d 100644
--- a/bot/converters.py
+++ b/bot/converters.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from discord.utils import DISCORD_EPOCH, snowflake_time
 from bot.api import ResponseCodeError
 from bot.constants import URLs
 from bot.utils.regex import INVITE_RE
+from bot.utils.time import parse_duration_string
 
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -301,16 +302,6 @@ class TagContentConverter(Converter):
 class DurationDelta(Converter):
     """Convert duration strings into dateutil.relativedelta.relativedelta objects."""
 
-    duration_parser = re.compile(
-        r"((?P<years>\d+?) ?(years|year|Y|y) ?)?"
-        r"((?P<months>\d+?) ?(months|month|m) ?)?"
-        r"((?P<weeks>\d+?) ?(weeks|week|W|w) ?)?"
-        r"((?P<days>\d+?) ?(days|day|D|d) ?)?"
-        r"((?P<hours>\d+?) ?(hours|hour|H|h) ?)?"
-        r"((?P<minutes>\d+?) ?(minutes|minute|M) ?)?"
-        r"((?P<seconds>\d+?) ?(seconds|second|S|s))?"
-    )
-
     async def convert(self, ctx: Context, duration: str) -> relativedelta:
         """
         Converts a `duration` string to a relativedelta object.
@@ -326,13 +317,9 @@ class DurationDelta(Converter):
 
         The units need to be provided in descending order of magnitude.
         """
-        match = self.duration_parser.fullmatch(duration)
-        if not match:
+        if not (delta := parse_duration_string(duration)):
             raise BadArgument(f"`{duration}` is not a valid duration string.")
 
-        duration_dict = {unit: int(amount) for unit, amount in match.groupdict(default=0).items()}
-        delta = relativedelta(**duration_dict)
-
         return delta
 
 
@@ -357,27 +344,38 @@ class Duration(DurationDelta):
 class OffTopicName(Converter):
     """A converter that ensures an added off-topic name is valid."""
 
+    ALLOWED_CHARACTERS = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!?'`-"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def translate_name(cls, name: str, *, from_unicode: bool = True) -> str:
+        """
+        Translates `name` into a format that is allowed in discord channel names.
+
+        If `from_unicode` is True, the name is translated from a discord-safe format, back to normalized text.
+        """
+        if from_unicode:
+            table = str.maketrans(cls.ALLOWED_CHARACTERS, '𝖠𝖡𝖢𝖣𝖤𝖥𝖦𝖧𝖨𝖩𝖪𝖫𝖬𝖭𝖮𝖯𝖰𝖱𝖲𝖳𝖴𝖵𝖶𝖷𝖸𝖹ǃ？’’-')
+        else:
+            table = str.maketrans('𝖠𝖡𝖢𝖣𝖤𝖥𝖦𝖧𝖨𝖩𝖪𝖫𝖬𝖭𝖮𝖯𝖰𝖱𝖲𝖳𝖴𝖵𝖶𝖷𝖸𝖹ǃ？’’-', cls.ALLOWED_CHARACTERS)
+
+        return name.translate(table)
+
     async def convert(self, ctx: Context, argument: str) -> str:
         """Attempt to replace any invalid characters with their approximate Unicode equivalent."""
-        allowed_characters = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!?'`-"
-
         # Chain multiple words to a single one
         argument = "-".join(argument.split())
 
         if not (2 <= len(argument) <= 96):
             raise BadArgument("Channel name must be between 2 and 96 chars long")
 
-        elif not all(c.isalnum() or c in allowed_characters for c in argument):
+        elif not all(c.isalnum() or c in self.ALLOWED_CHARACTERS for c in argument):
             raise BadArgument(
                 "Channel name must only consist of "
                 "alphanumeric characters, minus signs or apostrophes."
             )
 
         # Replace invalid characters with unicode alternatives.
-        table = str.maketrans(
-            allowed_characters, '𝖠𝖡𝖢𝖣𝖤𝖥𝖦𝖧𝖨𝖩𝖪𝖫𝖬𝖭𝖮𝖯𝖰𝖱𝖲𝖳𝖴𝖵𝖶𝖷𝖸𝖹ǃ？’’-'
-        )
-        return argument.translate(table)
+        return self.translate_name(argument)
 
 
 class ISODateTime(Converter):
diff --git a/bot/errors.py b/bot/errors.py
index 65d715203..ab0adcd42 100644
--- a/bot/errors.py
+++ b/bot/errors.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-from typing import Hashable
+from typing import Hashable, Union
+
+from discord import Member, User
 
 
 class LockedResourceError(RuntimeError):
@@ -18,3 +20,18 @@ class LockedResourceError(RuntimeError):
             f"Cannot operate on {self.type.lower()} `{self.id}`; "
             "it is currently locked and in use by another operation."
         )
+
+
+class InvalidInfractedUser(Exception):
+    """
+    Exception raised upon attempt of infracting an invalid user.
+
+    Attributes:
+        `user` -- User or Member which is invalid
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, user: Union[Member, User], reason: str = "User infracted is a bot."):
+        self.user = user
+        self.reason = reason
+
+        super().__init__(reason)
diff --git a/bot/exts/backend/error_handler.py b/bot/exts/backend/error_handler.py
index ed7962b06..9cb54cdab 100644
--- a/bot/exts/backend/error_handler.py
+++ b/bot/exts/backend/error_handler.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from bot.api import ResponseCodeError
 from bot.bot import Bot
 from bot.constants import Colours, ERROR_REPLIES, Icons, MODERATION_ROLES
 from bot.converters import TagNameConverter
-from bot.errors import LockedResourceError
+from bot.errors import InvalidInfractedUser, LockedResourceError
 from bot.exts.backend.branding._errors import BrandingError
 from bot.utils.checks import InWhitelistCheckFailure
 
@@ -82,6 +82,8 @@ class ErrorHandler(Cog):
             elif isinstance(e.original, BrandingError):
                 await ctx.send(embed=self._get_error_embed(random.choice(ERROR_REPLIES), str(e.original)))
                 return
+            elif isinstance(e.original, InvalidInfractedUser):
+                await ctx.send(f"Cannot infract that user. {e.original.reason}")
             else:
                 await self.handle_unexpected_error(ctx, e.original)
             return  # Exit early to avoid logging.
@@ -237,10 +239,12 @@ class ErrorHandler(Cog):
         elif isinstance(e, errors.BadUnionArgument):
             embed = self._get_error_embed("Bad argument", f"{e}\n{e.errors[-1]}")
             await ctx.send(embed=embed)
+            await prepared_help_command
             self.bot.stats.incr("errors.bad_union_argument")
         elif isinstance(e, errors.ArgumentParsingError):
             embed = self._get_error_embed("Argument parsing error", str(e))
             await ctx.send(embed=embed)
+            prepared_help_command.close()
             self.bot.stats.incr("errors.argument_parsing_error")
         else:
             embed = self._get_error_embed(
diff --git a/bot/exts/filters/token_remover.py b/bot/exts/filters/token_remover.py
index bd6a1f97a..93f1f3c33 100644
--- a/bot/exts/filters/token_remover.py
+++ b/bot/exts/filters/token_remover.py
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ class TokenRemover(Cog):
                 user_id=user_id,
                 user_name=str(user),
                 kind="BOT" if user.bot else "USER",
-            ), not user.bot
+            ), True
         else:
             return UNKNOWN_USER_LOG_MESSAGE.format(user_id=user_id), False
 
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ class TokenRemover(Cog):
             channel=msg.channel.mention,
             user_id=token.user_id,
             timestamp=token.timestamp,
-            hmac='x' * len(token.hmac),
+            hmac='x' * (len(token.hmac) - 3) + token.hmac[-3:],
         )
 
     @classmethod
diff --git a/bot/exts/fun/off_topic_names.py b/bot/exts/fun/off_topic_names.py
index 7fc93b88c..845b8175c 100644
--- a/bot/exts/fun/off_topic_names.py
+++ b/bot/exts/fun/off_topic_names.py
@@ -139,10 +139,20 @@ class OffTopicNames(Cog):
     @has_any_role(*MODERATION_ROLES)
     async def search_command(self, ctx: Context, *, query: OffTopicName) -> None:
         """Search for an off-topic name."""
-        result = await self.bot.api_client.get('bot/off-topic-channel-names')
-        in_matches = {name for name in result if query in name}
-        close_matches = difflib.get_close_matches(query, result, n=10, cutoff=0.70)
-        lines = sorted(f"• {name}" for name in in_matches.union(close_matches))
+        query = OffTopicName.translate_name(query, from_unicode=False).lower()
+
+        # Map normalized names to returned names for search purposes
+        result = {
+            OffTopicName.translate_name(name, from_unicode=False).lower(): name
+            for name in await self.bot.api_client.get('bot/off-topic-channel-names')
+        }
+
+        # Search normalized keys
+        in_matches = {name for name in result.keys() if query in name}
+        close_matches = difflib.get_close_matches(query, result.keys(), n=10, cutoff=0.70)
+
+        # Send Results
+        lines = sorted(f"• {result[name]}" for name in in_matches.union(close_matches))
         embed = Embed(
             title="Query results",
             colour=Colour.blue()
diff --git a/bot/exts/help_channels/_cog.py b/bot/exts/help_channels/_cog.py
index 0995c8a79..6abf99810 100644
--- a/bot/exts/help_channels/_cog.py
+++ b/bot/exts/help_channels/_cog.py
@@ -102,6 +102,10 @@ class HelpChannels(commands.Cog):
         await _cooldown.revoke_send_permissions(message.author, self.scheduler)
 
         await _message.pin(message)
+        try:
+            await _message.dm_on_open(message)
+        except Exception as e:
+            log.warning("Error occurred while sending DM:", exc_info=e)
 
         # Add user with channel for dormant check.
         await _caches.claimants.set(message.channel.id, message.author.id)
diff --git a/bot/exts/help_channels/_message.py b/bot/exts/help_channels/_message.py
index 2bbd4bdd6..36388f9bd 100644
--- a/bot/exts/help_channels/_message.py
+++ b/bot/exts/help_channels/_message.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
+import textwrap
 import typing as t
 from datetime import datetime
 
@@ -92,6 +93,38 @@ async def is_empty(channel: discord.TextChannel) -> bool:
     return False
 
 
+async def dm_on_open(message: discord.Message) -> None:
+    """
+    DM claimant with a link to the claimed channel's first message, with a 100 letter preview of the message.
+
+    Does nothing if the user has DMs disabled.
+    """
+    embed = discord.Embed(
+        title="Help channel opened",
+        description=f"You claimed {message.channel.mention}.",
+        colour=bot.constants.Colours.bright_green,
+        timestamp=message.created_at,
+    )
+
+    embed.set_thumbnail(url=constants.Icons.green_questionmark)
+    formatted_message = textwrap.shorten(message.content, width=100, placeholder="...")
+    if formatted_message:
+        embed.add_field(name="Your message", value=formatted_message, inline=False)
+    embed.add_field(
+        name="Conversation",
+        value=f"[Jump to message!]({message.jump_url})",
+        inline=False,
+    )
+
+    try:
+        await message.author.send(embed=embed)
+        log.trace(f"Sent DM to {message.author.id} after claiming help channel.")
+    except discord.errors.Forbidden:
+        log.trace(
+            f"Ignoring to send DM to {message.author.id} after claiming help channel: DMs disabled."
+        )
+
+
 async def notify(channel: discord.TextChannel, last_notification: t.Optional[datetime]) -> t.Optional[datetime]:
     """
     Send a message in `channel` notifying about a lack of available help channels.
diff --git a/bot/exts/info/information.py b/bot/exts/info/information.py
index 4499e4c25..92ddf0fbd 100644
--- a/bot/exts/info/information.py
+++ b/bot/exts/info/information.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from bot.decorators import in_whitelist
 from bot.pagination import LinePaginator
 from bot.utils.channel import is_mod_channel, is_staff_channel
 from bot.utils.checks import cooldown_with_role_bypass, has_no_roles_check, in_whitelist_check
-from bot.utils.time import time_since
+from bot.utils.time import humanize_delta, time_since
 
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class Information(Cog):
         )
         return {role.name.title(): len(role.members) for role in roles}
 
-    def get_extended_server_info(self) -> str:
+    def get_extended_server_info(self, ctx: Context) -> str:
         """Return additional server info only visible in moderation channels."""
         talentpool_info = ""
         if cog := self.bot.get_cog("Talentpool"):
@@ -64,9 +64,9 @@ class Information(Cog):
 
         defcon_info = ""
         if cog := self.bot.get_cog("Defcon"):
-            defcon_status = "Enabled" if cog.enabled else "Disabled"
-            defcon_days = cog.days.days if cog.enabled else "-"
-            defcon_info = f"Defcon status: {defcon_status}\nDefcon days: {defcon_days}\n"
+            defcon_info = f"Defcon threshold: {humanize_delta(cog.threshold)}\n"
+
+        verification = f"Verification level: {ctx.guild.verification_level.name}\n"
 
         python_general = self.bot.get_channel(constants.Channels.python_general)
 
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ class Information(Cog):
             {talentpool_info}\
             {bb_info}\
             {defcon_info}\
+            {verification}\
             {python_general.mention} cooldown: {python_general.slowmode_delay}s
         """)
 
@@ -198,11 +199,11 @@ class Information(Cog):
 
         # Additional info if ran in moderation channels
         if is_mod_channel(ctx.channel):
-            embed.add_field(name="Moderation:", value=self.get_extended_server_info())
+            embed.add_field(name="Moderation:", value=self.get_extended_server_info(ctx))
 
         await ctx.send(embed=embed)
 
-    @command(name="user", aliases=["user_info", "member", "member_info"])
+    @command(name="user", aliases=["user_info", "member", "member_info", "u"])
     async def user_info(self, ctx: Context, user: FetchedMember = None) -> None:
         """Returns info about a user."""
         if user is None:
diff --git a/bot/exts/info/pypi.py b/bot/exts/info/pypi.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3e326e8bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bot/exts/info/pypi.py
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+import itertools
+import logging
+import random
+
+from discord import Embed
+from discord.ext.commands import Cog, Context, command
+from discord.utils import escape_markdown
+
+from bot.bot import Bot
+from bot.constants import Colours, NEGATIVE_REPLIES
+
+URL = "https://pypi.org/pypi/{package}/json"
+FIELDS = ("author", "requires_python", "summary", "license")
+PYPI_ICON = "https://cdn.discordapp.com/emojis/766274397257334814.png"
+PYPI_COLOURS = itertools.cycle((Colours.yellow, Colours.blue, Colours.white))
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class PyPi(Cog):
+    """Cog for getting information about PyPi packages."""
+
+    def __init__(self, bot: Bot):
+        self.bot = bot
+
+    @command(name="pypi", aliases=("package", "pack"))
+    async def get_package_info(self, ctx: Context, package: str) -> None:
+        """Provide information about a specific package from PyPI."""
+        embed = Embed(
+            title=random.choice(NEGATIVE_REPLIES),
+            colour=Colours.soft_red
+        )
+        embed.set_thumbnail(url=PYPI_ICON)
+
+        async with self.bot.http_session.get(URL.format(package=package)) as response:
+            if response.status == 404:
+                embed.description = "Package could not be found."
+
+            elif response.status == 200 and response.content_type == "application/json":
+                response_json = await response.json()
+                info = response_json["info"]
+
+                embed.title = f"{info['name']} v{info['version']}"
+                embed.url = info['package_url']
+                embed.colour = next(PYPI_COLOURS)
+
+                for field in FIELDS:
+                    field_data = info[field]
+
+                    # Field could be completely empty, in some cases can be a string with whitespaces, or None.
+                    if field_data and not field_data.isspace():
+                        if '\n' in field_data and field == "license":
+                            field_data = field_data.split('\n')[0]
+
+                        embed.add_field(
+                            name=field.replace("_", " ").title(),
+                            value=escape_markdown(field_data),
+                            inline=False,
+                        )
+
+            else:
+                embed.description = "There was an error when fetching your PyPi package."
+                log.trace(f"Error when fetching PyPi package: {response.status}.")
+
+        await ctx.send(embed=embed)
+
+
+def setup(bot: Bot) -> None:
+    """Load the PyPi cog."""
+    bot.add_cog(PyPi(bot))
diff --git a/bot/exts/info/tags.py b/bot/exts/info/tags.py
index 00b4d1a78..bb91a8563 100644
--- a/bot/exts/info/tags.py
+++ b/bot/exts/info/tags.py
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ class Tags(Cog):
         If a tag is not specified, display a paginated embed of all tags.
 
         Tags are on cooldowns on a per-tag, per-channel basis. If a tag is on cooldown, display
-        nothing and return False.
+        nothing and return True.
         """
         def _command_on_cooldown(tag_name: str) -> bool:
             """
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ class Tags(Cog):
                 f"{ctx.author} tried to get the '{tag_name}' tag, but the tag is on cooldown. "
                 f"Cooldown ends in {time_left:.1f} seconds."
             )
-            return False
+            return True
 
         if tag_name is not None:
             temp_founds = self._get_tag(tag_name)
@@ -285,7 +285,8 @@ class Tags(Cog):
         """
         Get a specified tag, or a list of all tags if no tag is specified.
 
-        Returns False if a tag is on cooldown, or if no matches are found.
+        Returns True if something can be sent, or if the tag is on cooldown.
+        Returns False if no matches are found.
         """
         return await self.display_tag(ctx, tag_name)
 
diff --git a/bot/exts/moderation/defcon.py b/bot/exts/moderation/defcon.py
index caa6fb917..bd16289b9 100644
--- a/bot/exts/moderation/defcon.py
+++ b/bot/exts/moderation/defcon.py
@@ -1,17 +1,25 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
+import asyncio
 import logging
+import traceback
 from collections import namedtuple
-from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+from datetime import datetime
 from enum import Enum
+from typing import Optional, Union
 
-from discord import Colour, Embed, Member
+from aioredis import RedisError
+from async_rediscache import RedisCache
+from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta
+from discord import Colour, Embed, Member, User
+from discord.ext import tasks
 from discord.ext.commands import Cog, Context, group, has_any_role
 
 from bot.bot import Bot
 from bot.constants import Channels, Colours, Emojis, Event, Icons, MODERATION_ROLES, Roles
+from bot.converters import DurationDelta, Expiry
 from bot.exts.moderation.modlog import ModLog
 from bot.utils.messages import format_user
+from bot.utils.scheduling import Scheduler
+from bot.utils.time import humanize_delta, parse_duration_string, relativedelta_to_timedelta
 
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -28,71 +36,81 @@ will be resolved soon. In the meantime, please feel free to peruse the resources
 
 BASE_CHANNEL_TOPIC = "Python Discord Defense Mechanism"
 
+SECONDS_IN_DAY = 86400
+
 
 class Action(Enum):
     """Defcon Action."""
 
-    ActionInfo = namedtuple('LogInfoDetails', ['icon', 'color', 'template'])
+    ActionInfo = namedtuple('LogInfoDetails', ['icon', 'emoji', 'color', 'template'])
 
-    ENABLED = ActionInfo(Icons.defcon_enabled, Colours.soft_green, "**Days:** {days}\n\n")
-    DISABLED = ActionInfo(Icons.defcon_disabled, Colours.soft_red, "")
-    UPDATED = ActionInfo(Icons.defcon_updated, Colour.blurple(), "**Days:** {days}\n\n")
+    SERVER_OPEN = ActionInfo(Icons.defcon_unshutdown, Emojis.defcon_unshutdown, Colours.soft_green, "")
+    SERVER_SHUTDOWN = ActionInfo(Icons.defcon_shutdown, Emojis.defcon_shutdown, Colours.soft_red, "")
+    DURATION_UPDATE = ActionInfo(
+        Icons.defcon_update, Emojis.defcon_update, Colour.blurple(), "**Threshold:** {threshold}\n\n"
+    )
 
 
 class Defcon(Cog):
     """Time-sensitive server defense mechanisms."""
 
-    days = None  # type: timedelta
-    enabled = False  # type: bool
+    # RedisCache[str, str]
+    # The cache's keys are "threshold" and "expiry".
+    # The caches' values are strings formatted as valid input to the DurationDelta converter, or empty when off.
+    defcon_settings = RedisCache()
 
     def __init__(self, bot: Bot):
         self.bot = bot
         self.channel = None
-        self.days = timedelta(days=0)
+        self.threshold = relativedelta(days=0)
+        self.expiry = None
+
+        self.scheduler = Scheduler(self.__class__.__name__)
 
-        self.bot.loop.create_task(self.sync_settings())
+        self.bot.loop.create_task(self._sync_settings())
 
     @property
     def mod_log(self) -> ModLog:
         """Get currently loaded ModLog cog instance."""
         return self.bot.get_cog("ModLog")
 
-    async def sync_settings(self) -> None:
+    @defcon_settings.atomic_transaction
+    async def _sync_settings(self) -> None:
         """On cog load, try to synchronize DEFCON settings to the API."""
+        log.trace("Waiting for the guild to become available before syncing.")
         await self.bot.wait_until_guild_available()
         self.channel = await self.bot.fetch_channel(Channels.defcon)
 
-        try:
-            response = await self.bot.api_client.get('bot/bot-settings/defcon')
-            data = response['data']
+        log.trace("Syncing settings.")
 
-        except Exception:  # Yikes!
+        try:
+            settings = await self.defcon_settings.to_dict()
+            self.threshold = parse_duration_string(settings["threshold"]) if settings.get("threshold") else None
+            self.expiry = datetime.fromisoformat(settings["expiry"]) if settings.get("expiry") else None
+        except RedisError:
             log.exception("Unable to get DEFCON settings!")
-            await self.bot.get_channel(Channels.dev_log).send(
-                f"<@&{Roles.admins}> **WARNING**: Unable to get DEFCON settings!"
+            await self.channel.send(
+                f"<@&{Roles.moderators}> <@&{Roles.devops}> **WARNING**: Unable to get DEFCON settings!"
+                f"\n\n```{traceback.format_exc()}```"
             )
 
         else:
-            if data["enabled"]:
-                self.enabled = True
-                self.days = timedelta(days=data["days"])
-                log.info(f"DEFCON enabled: {self.days.days} days")
+            if self.expiry:
+                self.scheduler.schedule_at(self.expiry, 0, self._remove_threshold())
 
-            else:
-                self.enabled = False
-                self.days = timedelta(days=0)
-                log.info("DEFCON disabled")
+            self._update_notifier()
+            log.info(f"DEFCON synchronized: {humanize_delta(self.threshold) if self.threshold else '-'}")
 
-            await self.update_channel_topic()
+        self._update_channel_topic()
 
     @Cog.listener()
     async def on_member_join(self, member: Member) -> None:
-        """If DEFCON is enabled, check newly joining users to see if they meet the account age threshold."""
-        if self.enabled and self.days.days > 0:
+        """Check newly joining users to see if they meet the account age threshold."""
+        if self.threshold:
             now = datetime.utcnow()
 
-            if now - member.created_at < self.days:
-                log.info(f"Rejecting user {member}: Account is too new and DEFCON is enabled")
+            if now - member.created_at < relativedelta_to_timedelta(self.threshold):
+                log.info(f"Rejecting user {member}: Account is too new")
 
                 message_sent = False
 
@@ -124,134 +142,163 @@ class Defcon(Cog):
         """Check the DEFCON status or run a subcommand."""
         await ctx.send_help(ctx.command)
 
-    async def _defcon_action(self, ctx: Context, days: int, action: Action) -> None:
-        """Providing a structured way to do an defcon action."""
-        try:
-            response = await self.bot.api_client.get('bot/bot-settings/defcon')
-            data = response['data']
-
-            if "enable_date" in data and action is Action.DISABLED:
-                enabled = datetime.fromisoformat(data["enable_date"])
-
-                delta = datetime.now() - enabled
-
-                self.bot.stats.timing("defcon.enabled", delta)
-        except Exception:
-            pass
-
-        error = None
-        try:
-            await self.bot.api_client.put(
-                'bot/bot-settings/defcon',
-                json={
-                    'name': 'defcon',
-                    'data': {
-                        # TODO: retrieve old days count
-                        'days': days,
-                        'enabled': action is not Action.DISABLED,
-                        'enable_date': datetime.now().isoformat()
-                    }
-                }
-            )
-        except Exception as err:
-            log.exception("Unable to update DEFCON settings.")
-            error = err
-        finally:
-            await ctx.send(self.build_defcon_msg(action, error))
-            await self.send_defcon_log(action, ctx.author, error)
-
-            self.bot.stats.gauge("defcon.threshold", days)
-
-    @defcon_group.command(name='enable', aliases=('on', 'e'), root_aliases=("defon",))
-    @has_any_role(*MODERATION_ROLES)
-    async def enable_command(self, ctx: Context) -> None:
-        """
-        Enable DEFCON mode. Useful in a pinch, but be sure you know what you're doing!
-
-        Currently, this just adds an account age requirement. Use !defcon days <int> to set how old an account must be,
-        in days.
-        """
-        self.enabled = True
-        await self._defcon_action(ctx, days=0, action=Action.ENABLED)
-        await self.update_channel_topic()
-
-    @defcon_group.command(name='disable', aliases=('off', 'd'), root_aliases=("defoff",))
-    @has_any_role(*MODERATION_ROLES)
-    async def disable_command(self, ctx: Context) -> None:
-        """Disable DEFCON mode. Useful in a pinch, but be sure you know what you're doing!"""
-        self.enabled = False
-        await self._defcon_action(ctx, days=0, action=Action.DISABLED)
-        await self.update_channel_topic()
-
-    @defcon_group.command(name='status', aliases=('s',))
+    @defcon_group.command(aliases=('s',))
     @has_any_role(*MODERATION_ROLES)
-    async def status_command(self, ctx: Context) -> None:
+    async def status(self, ctx: Context) -> None:
         """Check the current status of DEFCON mode."""
         embed = Embed(
             colour=Colour.blurple(), title="DEFCON Status",
-            description=f"**Enabled:** {self.enabled}\n"
-                        f"**Days:** {self.days.days}"
+            description=f"""
+                **Threshold:** {humanize_delta(self.threshold) if self.threshold else "-"}
+                **Expires in:** {humanize_delta(relativedelta(self.expiry, datetime.utcnow())) if self.expiry else "-"}
+                **Verification level:** {ctx.guild.verification_level.name}
+                """
         )
 
         await ctx.send(embed=embed)
 
-    @defcon_group.command(name='days')
+    @defcon_group.command(aliases=('t', 'd'))
     @has_any_role(*MODERATION_ROLES)
-    async def days_command(self, ctx: Context, days: int) -> None:
-        """Set how old an account must be to join the server, in days, with DEFCON mode enabled."""
-        self.days = timedelta(days=days)
-        self.enabled = True
-        await self._defcon_action(ctx, days=days, action=Action.UPDATED)
-        await self.update_channel_topic()
-
-    async def update_channel_topic(self) -> None:
+    async def threshold(
+        self, ctx: Context, threshold: Union[DurationDelta, int], expiry: Optional[Expiry] = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Set how old an account must be to join the server.
+
+        The threshold is the minimum required account age. Can accept either a duration string or a number of days.
+        Set it to 0 to have no threshold.
+        The expiry allows to automatically remove the threshold after a designated time. If no expiry is specified,
+        the cog will remind to remove the threshold hourly.
+        """
+        if isinstance(threshold, int):
+            threshold = relativedelta(days=threshold)
+        await self._update_threshold(ctx.author, threshold=threshold, expiry=expiry)
+
+    @defcon_group.command()
+    @has_any_role(Roles.admins)
+    async def shutdown(self, ctx: Context) -> None:
+        """Shut down the server by setting send permissions of everyone to False."""
+        role = ctx.guild.default_role
+        permissions = role.permissions
+
+        permissions.update(send_messages=False, add_reactions=False)
+        await role.edit(reason="DEFCON shutdown", permissions=permissions)
+        await ctx.send(f"{Action.SERVER_SHUTDOWN.value.emoji} Server shut down.")
+
+    @defcon_group.command()
+    @has_any_role(Roles.admins)
+    async def unshutdown(self, ctx: Context) -> None:
+        """Open up the server again by setting send permissions of everyone to None."""
+        role = ctx.guild.default_role
+        permissions = role.permissions
+
+        permissions.update(send_messages=True, add_reactions=True)
+        await role.edit(reason="DEFCON unshutdown", permissions=permissions)
+        await ctx.send(f"{Action.SERVER_OPEN.value.emoji} Server reopened.")
+
+    def _update_channel_topic(self) -> None:
         """Update the #defcon channel topic with the current DEFCON status."""
-        if self.enabled:
-            day_str = "days" if self.days.days > 1 else "day"
-            new_topic = f"{BASE_CHANNEL_TOPIC}\n(Status: Enabled, Threshold: {self.days.days} {day_str})"
-        else:
-            new_topic = f"{BASE_CHANNEL_TOPIC}\n(Status: Disabled)"
+        new_topic = f"{BASE_CHANNEL_TOPIC}\n(Threshold: {humanize_delta(self.threshold) if self.threshold else '-'})"
 
         self.mod_log.ignore(Event.guild_channel_update, Channels.defcon)
-        await self.channel.edit(topic=new_topic)
-
-    def build_defcon_msg(self, action: Action, e: Exception = None) -> str:
-        """Build in-channel response string for DEFCON action."""
-        if action is Action.ENABLED:
-            msg = f"{Emojis.defcon_enabled} DEFCON enabled.\n\n"
-        elif action is Action.DISABLED:
-            msg = f"{Emojis.defcon_disabled} DEFCON disabled.\n\n"
-        elif action is Action.UPDATED:
-            msg = (
-                f"{Emojis.defcon_updated} DEFCON days updated; accounts must be {self.days.days} "
-                f"day{'s' if self.days.days > 1 else ''} old to join the server.\n\n"
+        asyncio.create_task(self.channel.edit(topic=new_topic))
+
+    @defcon_settings.atomic_transaction
+    async def _update_threshold(self, author: User, threshold: relativedelta, expiry: Optional[Expiry] = None) -> None:
+        """Update the new threshold in the cog, cache, defcon channel, and logs, and additionally schedule expiry."""
+        self.threshold = threshold
+        if threshold == relativedelta(days=0):  # If the threshold is 0, we don't need to schedule anything
+            expiry = None
+        self.expiry = expiry
+
+        # Either way, we cancel the old task.
+        self.scheduler.cancel_all()
+        if self.expiry is not None:
+            self.scheduler.schedule_at(expiry, 0, self._remove_threshold())
+
+        self._update_notifier()
+
+        # Make sure to handle the critical part of the update before writing to Redis.
+        error = ""
+        try:
+            await self.defcon_settings.update(
+                {
+                    'threshold': Defcon._stringify_relativedelta(self.threshold) if self.threshold else "",
+                    'expiry': expiry.isoformat() if expiry else 0
+                }
             )
+        except RedisError:
+            error = ", but failed to write to cache"
+
+        action = Action.DURATION_UPDATE
 
-        if e:
-            msg += (
-                "**There was a problem updating the site** - This setting may be reverted when the bot restarts.\n\n"
-                f"```py\n{e}\n```"
+        expiry_message = ""
+        if expiry:
+            expiry_message = f" for the next {humanize_delta(relativedelta(expiry, datetime.utcnow()), max_units=2)}"
+
+        if self.threshold:
+            channel_message = (
+                f"updated; accounts must be {humanize_delta(self.threshold)} "
+                f"old to join the server{expiry_message}"
             )
+        else:
+            channel_message = "removed"
+
+        await self.channel.send(
+            f"{action.value.emoji} DEFCON threshold {channel_message}{error}."
+        )
+        await self._send_defcon_log(action, author)
+        self._update_channel_topic()
+
+        self._log_threshold_stat(threshold)
 
-        return msg
+    async def _remove_threshold(self) -> None:
+        """Resets the threshold back to 0."""
+        await self._update_threshold(self.bot.user, relativedelta(days=0))
 
-    async def send_defcon_log(self, action: Action, actor: Member, e: Exception = None) -> None:
+    @staticmethod
+    def _stringify_relativedelta(delta: relativedelta) -> str:
+        """Convert a relativedelta object to a duration string."""
+        units = [("years", "y"), ("months", "m"), ("days", "d"), ("hours", "h"), ("minutes", "m"), ("seconds", "s")]
+        return "".join(f"{getattr(delta, unit)}{symbol}" for unit, symbol in units if getattr(delta, unit)) or "0s"
+
+    def _log_threshold_stat(self, threshold: relativedelta) -> None:
+        """Adds the threshold to the bot stats in days."""
+        threshold_days = relativedelta_to_timedelta(threshold).total_seconds() / SECONDS_IN_DAY
+        self.bot.stats.gauge("defcon.threshold", threshold_days)
+
+    async def _send_defcon_log(self, action: Action, actor: User) -> None:
         """Send log message for DEFCON action."""
         info = action.value
         log_msg: str = (
             f"**Staffer:** {actor.mention} {actor} (`{actor.id}`)\n"
-            f"{info.template.format(days=self.days.days)}"
+            f"{info.template.format(threshold=(humanize_delta(self.threshold) if self.threshold else '-'))}"
         )
         status_msg = f"DEFCON {action.name.lower()}"
 
-        if e:
-            log_msg += (
-                "**There was a problem updating the site** - This setting may be reverted when the bot restarts.\n\n"
-                f"```py\n{e}\n```"
-            )
-
         await self.mod_log.send_log_message(info.icon, info.color, status_msg, log_msg)
 
+    def _update_notifier(self) -> None:
+        """Start or stop the notifier according to the DEFCON status."""
+        if self.threshold and self.expiry is None and not self.defcon_notifier.is_running():
+            log.info("DEFCON notifier started.")
+            self.defcon_notifier.start()
+
+        elif (not self.threshold or self.expiry is not None) and self.defcon_notifier.is_running():
+            log.info("DEFCON notifier stopped.")
+            self.defcon_notifier.cancel()
+
+    @tasks.loop(hours=1)
+    async def defcon_notifier(self) -> None:
+        """Routinely notify moderators that DEFCON is active."""
+        await self.channel.send(f"Defcon is on and is set to {humanize_delta(self.threshold)}.")
+
+    def cog_unload(self) -> None:
+        """Cancel the notifer and threshold removal tasks when the cog unloads."""
+        log.trace("Cog unload: canceling defcon notifier task.")
+        self.defcon_notifier.cancel()
+        self.scheduler.cancel_all()
+
 
 def setup(bot: Bot) -> None:
     """Load the Defcon cog."""
diff --git a/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/_utils.py b/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/_utils.py
index d0dc3f0a1..e766c1e5c 100644
--- a/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/_utils.py
+++ b/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/_utils.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from discord.ext.commands import Context
 
 from bot.api import ResponseCodeError
 from bot.constants import Colours, Icons
+from bot.errors import InvalidInfractedUser
 
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -79,6 +80,10 @@ async def post_infraction(
     active: bool = True
 ) -> t.Optional[dict]:
     """Posts an infraction to the API."""
+    if isinstance(user, (discord.Member, discord.User)) and user.bot:
+        log.trace(f"Posting of {infr_type} infraction for {user} to the API aborted. User is a bot.")
+        raise InvalidInfractedUser(user)
+
     log.trace(f"Posting {infr_type} infraction for {user} to the API.")
 
     payload = {
diff --git a/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/infractions.py b/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/infractions.py
index 7349d65f2..3b5b1df45 100644
--- a/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/infractions.py
+++ b/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/infractions.py
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
             duration = await Duration().convert(ctx, "1h")
         await self.apply_mute(ctx, user, reason, expires_at=duration)
 
-    @command()
+    @command(aliases=("tban",))
     async def tempban(
         self,
         ctx: Context,
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
     # endregion
     # region: Temporary shadow infractions
 
-    @command(hidden=True, aliases=["shadowtempban", "stempban"])
+    @command(hidden=True, aliases=["shadowtempban", "stempban", "stban"])
     async def shadow_tempban(
         self,
         ctx: Context,
diff --git a/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/superstarify.py b/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/superstarify.py
index ffc470c54..704dddf9c 100644
--- a/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/superstarify.py
+++ b/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/superstarify.py
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ class Superstarify(InfractionScheduler, Cog):
 
             await self.reapply_infraction(infraction, action)
 
-    @command(name="superstarify", aliases=("force_nick", "star", "starify"))
+    @command(name="superstarify", aliases=("force_nick", "star", "starify", "superstar"))
     async def superstarify(
         self,
         ctx: Context,
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ class Superstarify(InfractionScheduler, Cog):
             )
             await ctx.send(embed=embed)
 
-    @command(name="unsuperstarify", aliases=("release_nick", "unstar", "unstarify"))
+    @command(name="unsuperstarify", aliases=("release_nick", "unstar", "unstarify", "unsuperstar"))
     async def unsuperstarify(self, ctx: Context, member: Member) -> None:
         """Remove the superstarify infraction and allow the user to change their nickname."""
         await self.pardon_infraction(ctx, "superstar", member)
diff --git a/bot/exts/moderation/slowmode.py b/bot/exts/moderation/slowmode.py
index c449752e1..d8baff76a 100644
--- a/bot/exts/moderation/slowmode.py
+++ b/bot/exts/moderation/slowmode.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import logging
-from datetime import datetime
 from typing import Optional
 
 from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta
@@ -54,8 +53,7 @@ class Slowmode(Cog):
 
         # Convert `dateutil.relativedelta.relativedelta` to `datetime.timedelta`
         # Must do this to get the delta in a particular unit of time
-        utcnow = datetime.utcnow()
-        slowmode_delay = (utcnow + delay - utcnow).total_seconds()
+        slowmode_delay = time.relativedelta_to_timedelta(delay).total_seconds()
 
         humanized_delay = time.humanize_delta(delay)
 
diff --git a/bot/exts/utils/internal.py b/bot/exts/utils/internal.py
index a7ab43f37..6f2da3131 100644
--- a/bot/exts/utils/internal.py
+++ b/bot/exts/utils/internal.py
@@ -240,12 +240,12 @@ async def func():  # (None,) -> Any
 
         stats_embed = discord.Embed(
             title="WebSocket statistics",
-            description=f"Receiving {per_s:0.2f} event per second.",
+            description=f"Receiving {per_s:0.2f} events per second.",
             color=discord.Color.blurple()
         )
 
         for event_type, count in self.socket_events.most_common(25):
-            stats_embed.add_field(name=event_type, value=count, inline=False)
+            stats_embed.add_field(name=event_type, value=f"{count:,}", inline=True)
 
         await ctx.send(embed=stats_embed)
 
diff --git a/bot/log.py b/bot/log.py
index e92233a33..bc3bba0af 100644
--- a/bot/log.py
+++ b/bot/log.py
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 import logging
 import os
 import sys
-from logging import Logger, handlers
+from logging import Logger, StreamHandler, handlers
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import coloredlogs
 import sentry_sdk
+from pythonjsonlogger import jsonlogger
 from sentry_sdk.integrations.logging import LoggingIntegration
 from sentry_sdk.integrations.redis import RedisIntegration
 
@@ -13,6 +14,15 @@ from bot import constants
 
 TRACE_LEVEL = 5
 
+PROD_FIELDS = [
+    "asctime",
+    "name",
+    "levelname",
+    "message",
+    "funcName",
+    "filename"
+]
+
 
 def setup() -> None:
     """Set up loggers."""
@@ -33,21 +43,28 @@ def setup() -> None:
     root_log.setLevel(log_level)
     root_log.addHandler(file_handler)
 
-    if "COLOREDLOGS_LEVEL_STYLES" not in os.environ:
-        coloredlogs.DEFAULT_LEVEL_STYLES = {
-            **coloredlogs.DEFAULT_LEVEL_STYLES,
-            "trace": {"color": 246},
-            "critical": {"background": "red"},
-            "debug": coloredlogs.DEFAULT_LEVEL_STYLES["info"]
-        }
-
-    if "COLOREDLOGS_LOG_FORMAT" not in os.environ:
-        coloredlogs.DEFAULT_LOG_FORMAT = format_string
-
-    if "COLOREDLOGS_LOG_LEVEL" not in os.environ:
-        coloredlogs.DEFAULT_LOG_LEVEL = log_level
-
-    coloredlogs.install(logger=root_log, stream=sys.stdout)
+    if constants.DEBUG_MODE:
+        if "COLOREDLOGS_LEVEL_STYLES" not in os.environ:
+            coloredlogs.DEFAULT_LEVEL_STYLES = {
+                **coloredlogs.DEFAULT_LEVEL_STYLES,
+                "trace": {"color": 246},
+                "critical": {"background": "red"},
+                "debug": coloredlogs.DEFAULT_LEVEL_STYLES["info"]
+            }
+
+        if "COLOREDLOGS_LOG_FORMAT" not in os.environ:
+            coloredlogs.DEFAULT_LOG_FORMAT = format_string
+
+        if "COLOREDLOGS_LOG_LEVEL" not in os.environ:
+            coloredlogs.DEFAULT_LOG_LEVEL = log_level
+
+        coloredlogs.install(logger=root_log, stream=sys.stdout)
+    else:
+        json_format = " ".join([f"%({field})s" for field in PROD_FIELDS])
+        stream_handler = StreamHandler()
+        formatter = jsonlogger.JsonFormatter(json_format)
+        stream_handler.setFormatter(formatter)
+        root_log.addHandler(stream_handler)
 
     logging.getLogger("discord").setLevel(logging.WARNING)
     logging.getLogger("websockets").setLevel(logging.WARNING)
diff --git a/bot/resources/tags/comparison.md b/bot/resources/tags/comparison.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..12844bd2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bot/resources/tags/comparison.md
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+**Assignment vs. Comparison**
+
+The assignment operator (`=`) is used to assign variables.
+```python
+x = 5
+print(x)  # Prints 5
+```
+The equality operator (`==`) is used to compare values.
+```python
+if x == 5:
+    print("The value of x is 5")
+```
diff --git a/bot/resources/tags/defaultdict.md b/bot/resources/tags/defaultdict.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b6c3175fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bot/resources/tags/defaultdict.md
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+**[`collections.defaultdict`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html#collections.defaultdict)**
+
+The Python `defaultdict` type behaves almost exactly like a regular Python dictionary, but if you try to access or modify a missing key, the `defaultdict` will automatically insert the key and generate a default value for it.
+While instantiating a `defaultdict`, we pass in a function that tells it how to create a default value for missing keys.
+
+```py
+>>> from collections import defaultdict
+>>> my_dict = defaultdict(int)
+>>> my_dict
+defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {})
+```
+
+In this example, we've used the `int` class which returns 0 when called like a function, so any missing key will get a default value of 0. You can also get an empty list by default with `list` or an empty string with `str`.
+
+```py
+>>> my_dict["foo"]
+0
+>>> my_dict["bar"] += 5
+>>> my_dict
+defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'foo': 0, 'bar': 5})
+```
diff --git a/bot/resources/tags/dict-get.md b/bot/resources/tags/dict-get.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e02df03ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bot/resources/tags/dict-get.md
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+Often while using dictionaries in Python, you may run into `KeyErrors`. This error is raised when you try to access a key that isn't present in your dictionary. Python gives you some neat ways to handle them.
+
+**The `dict.get` method**
+
+The [`dict.get`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#dict.get) method will return the value for the key if it exists, and None (or a default value that you specify) if the key doesn't exist. Hence it will _never raise_ a KeyError.
+```py
+>>> my_dict = {"foo": 1, "bar": 2}
+>>> print(my_dict.get("foobar"))
+None
+```
+Below, 3 is the default value to be returned, because the key doesn't exist-
+```py
+>>> print(my_dict.get("foobar", 3))
+3
+```
+Some other methods for handling `KeyError`s gracefully are the [`dict.setdefault`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#dict.setdefault) method and [`collections.defaultdict`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html#collections.defaultdict) (check out the `!defaultdict` tag).
diff --git a/bot/resources/tags/dictcomps.md b/bot/resources/tags/dictcomps.md
index 11867d77b..6c8018761 100644
--- a/bot/resources/tags/dictcomps.md
+++ b/bot/resources/tags/dictcomps.md
@@ -1,20 +1,14 @@
-**Dictionary Comprehensions**
-
-Like lists, there is a convenient way of creating dictionaries:
+Dictionary comprehensions (*dict comps*) provide a convenient way to make dictionaries, just like list comps:
 ```py
->>> ftoc = {f: round((5/9)*(f-32)) for f in range(-40,101,20)}
->>> print(ftoc)
-{-40: -40, -20: -29, 0: -18, 20: -7, 40: 4, 60: 16, 80: 27, 100: 38}
+>>> {word.lower(): len(word) for word in ('I', 'love', 'Python')}
+{'i': 1, 'love': 4, 'python': 6}
 ```
-In the example above, I created a dictionary of temperatures in Fahrenheit, that are mapped to (*roughly*) their Celsius counterpart within a small range. These comprehensions are useful for succinctly creating dictionaries from some other sequence.
+The syntax is very similar to list comps except that you surround it with curly braces and have two expressions: one for the key and one for the value.
 
-They are also very useful for inverting the key value pairs of a dictionary that already exists, such that the value in the old dictionary is now the key, and the corresponding key is now its value:
+One can use a dict comp to change an existing dictionary using its `items` method
 ```py
->>> ctof = {v:k for k, v in ftoc.items()}
->>> print(ctof)
-{-40: -40, -29: -20, -18: 0, -7: 20, 4: 40, 16: 60, 27: 80, 38: 100}
+>>> first_dict = {'i': 1, 'love': 4, 'python': 6}
+>>> {key.upper(): value * 2 for key, value in first_dict.items()}
+{'I': 2, 'LOVE': 8, 'PYTHON': 12}
 ```
-
-Also like list comprehensions, you can add a conditional to it in order to filter out items you don't want.
-
-For more information and examples, check [PEP 274](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0274/)
+For more information and examples, check out [PEP 274](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0274/)
diff --git a/bot/resources/tags/empty-json.md b/bot/resources/tags/empty-json.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..935544bb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bot/resources/tags/empty-json.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+When using JSON, you might run into the following error:
+```
+JSONDecodeError: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0)
+```
+This error could have appeared because you just created the JSON file and there is nothing in it at the moment.
+
+Whilst having empty data is no problem, the file itself may never be completely empty.
+
+You most likely wanted to structure your JSON as a dictionary. To do this, edit your empty JSON file so that it instead contains `{}`.
+
+Different data types are also supported. If you wish to read more on these, please refer to [this article](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/json/json_data_types.htm).
diff --git a/bot/resources/tags/f-strings.md b/bot/resources/tags/f-strings.md
index 69bc82487..5ccafe723 100644
--- a/bot/resources/tags/f-strings.md
+++ b/bot/resources/tags/f-strings.md
@@ -1,17 +1,9 @@
-In Python, there are several ways to do string interpolation, including using `%s`\'s and by using the `+` operator to concatenate strings together. However, because some of these methods offer poor readability and require typecasting to prevent errors, you should for the most part be using a feature called format strings.
+Creating a Python string with your variables using the `+` operator can be difficult to write and read. F-strings (*format-strings*) make it easy to insert values into a string. If you put an `f` in front of the first quote, you can then put Python expressions between curly braces in the string.
 
-**In Python 3.6 or later, we can use f-strings like this:**
 ```py
-snake = "Pythons"
-print(f"{snake} are some of the largest snakes in the world")
-```
-**In earlier versions of Python or in projects where backwards compatibility is very important, use  str.format() like this:**
-```py
-snake = "Pythons"
-
-# With str.format() you can either use indexes
-print("{0} are some of the largest snakes in the world".format(snake))
-
-# Or keyword arguments
-print("{family} are some of the largest snakes in the world".format(family=snake))
+>>> snake = "pythons"
+>>> number = 21
+>>> f"There are {number * 2} {snake} on the plane."
+"There are 42 pythons on the plane."
 ```
+Note that even when you include an expression that isn't a string, like `number * 2`, Python will convert it to a string for you.
diff --git a/bot/resources/tags/free.md b/bot/resources/tags/free.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 1493076c7..000000000
--- a/bot/resources/tags/free.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-**We have a new help channel system!**
-
-Please see <#704250143020417084> for further information.
-
-A more detailed guide can be found on [our website](https://pythondiscord.com/pages/resources/guides/help-channels/).
diff --git a/bot/resources/tags/inline.md b/bot/resources/tags/inline.md
index a6a7c35d6..4ece74ef7 100644
--- a/bot/resources/tags/inline.md
+++ b/bot/resources/tags/inline.md
@@ -1,16 +1,7 @@
 **Inline codeblocks**
 
-In addition to multi-line codeblocks, discord has support for inline codeblocks as well. These are small codeblocks that are usually a single line, that can fit between non-codeblocks on the same line.
+Inline codeblocks look `like this`. To create them you surround text with single backticks, so \`hello\` would become `hello`.
 
-The following is an example of how it's done:
+Note that backticks are not quotes, see [this](https://superuser.com/questions/254076/how-do-i-type-the-tick-and-backtick-characters-on-windows/254077#254077) if you are struggling to find the backtick key.
 
-The \`\_\_init\_\_\` method customizes the newly created instance.
-
-And results in the following:
-
-The `__init__` method customizes the newly created instance.
-
-**Note:**  
-• These are **backticks** not quotes  
-• Avoid using them for multiple lines  
-• Useful for negating formatting you don't want
+For how to make multiline codeblocks see the `!codeblock` tag.
diff --git a/bot/resources/tags/listcomps.md b/bot/resources/tags/listcomps.md
index 0003b9bb8..ba00a4bf7 100644
--- a/bot/resources/tags/listcomps.md
+++ b/bot/resources/tags/listcomps.md
@@ -1,14 +1,19 @@
-Do you ever find yourself writing something like:
+Do you ever find yourself writing something like this?
 ```py
-even_numbers = []
-for n in range(20):
-    if n % 2 == 0:
-        even_numbers.append(n)
+>>> squares = []
+>>> for n in range(5):
+...    squares.append(n ** 2)
+[0, 1, 4, 9, 16]
 ```
-Using list comprehensions can simplify this significantly, and greatly improve code readability. If we rewrite the example above to use list comprehensions, it would look like this:
+Using list comprehensions can make this both shorter and more readable. As a list comprehension, the same code would look like this:
 ```py
-even_numbers = [n for n in range(20) if n % 2 == 0]
+>>> [n ** 2 for n in range(5)]
+[0, 1, 4, 9, 16]
+```
+List comprehensions also get an `if` statement:
+```python
+>>> [n ** 2 for n in range(5) if n % 2 == 0]
+[0, 4, 16]
 ```
-This also works for generators, dicts and sets by using `()` or `{}` instead of `[]`.
 
-For more info, see [this pythonforbeginners.com post](http://www.pythonforbeginners.com/basics/list-comprehensions-in-python) or [PEP 202](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0202/).
+For more info, see [this pythonforbeginners.com post](http://www.pythonforbeginners.com/basics/list-comprehensions-in-python).
diff --git a/bot/resources/tags/local-file.md b/bot/resources/tags/local-file.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae41d589c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bot/resources/tags/local-file.md
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+Thanks to discord.py, sending local files as embed images is simple. You have to create an instance of [`discord.File`](https://discordpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#discord.File) class:
+```py
+# When you know the file exact path, you can pass it.
+file = discord.File("/this/is/path/to/my/file.png", filename="file.png")
+
+# When you have the file-like object, then you can pass this instead path.
+with open("/this/is/path/to/my/file.png", "rb") as f:
+    file = discord.File(f)
+```
+When using the file-like object, you have to open it in `rb` mode. Also, in this case, passing `filename` to it is not necessary.
+Please note that `filename` can't contain underscores. This is a Discord limitation.
+
+[`discord.Embed`](https://discordpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#discord.Embed) instances have a [`set_image`](https://discordpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#discord.Embed.set_image) method which can be used to set an attachment as an image:
+```py
+embed = discord.Embed()
+# Set other fields
+embed.set_image(url="attachment://file.png")  # Filename here must be exactly same as attachment filename.
+```
+After this, you can send an embed with an attachment to Discord:
+```py
+await channel.send(file=file, embed=embed)
+```
+This example uses [`discord.TextChannel`](https://discordpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#discord.TextChannel) for sending, but any instance of [`discord.abc.Messageable`](https://discordpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#discord.abc.Messageable) can be used for sending.
diff --git a/bot/resources/tags/off-topic.md b/bot/resources/tags/off-topic.md
index c7f98a813..6a864a1d5 100644
--- a/bot/resources/tags/off-topic.md
+++ b/bot/resources/tags/off-topic.md
@@ -6,3 +6,5 @@ There are three off-topic channels:
 • <#463035268514185226>  
 
 Their names change randomly every 24 hours, but you can always find them under the `OFF-TOPIC/GENERAL` category in the channel list.
+
+Please read our [off-topic etiquette](https://pythondiscord.com/pages/resources/guides/off-topic-etiquette/) before participating in conversations.
diff --git a/bot/resources/tags/pep8.md b/bot/resources/tags/pep8.md
index cab4c4db8..57b176122 100644
--- a/bot/resources/tags/pep8.md
+++ b/bot/resources/tags/pep8.md
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
-**PEP 8** is the official style guide for Python. It includes comprehensive guidelines for code formatting, variable naming, and making your code easy to read. Professional Python developers are usually required to follow the guidelines, and will often use code-linters like `flake8` to verify that the code they\'re writing complies with the style guide.
+**PEP 8** is the official style guide for Python. It includes comprehensive guidelines for code formatting, variable naming, and making your code easy to read. Professional Python developers are usually required to follow the guidelines, and will often use code-linters like flake8 to verify that the code they're writing complies with the style guide.
 
-You can find the PEP 8 document [here](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008).
+More information:
+• [PEP 8 document](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008)
+• [Our PEP 8 song!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hgI0p1zf31k) :notes:
diff --git a/bot/rules/duplicates.py b/bot/rules/duplicates.py
index 455764b53..8e4fbc12d 100644
--- a/bot/rules/duplicates.py
+++ b/bot/rules/duplicates.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ async def apply(
         if (
             msg.author == last_message.author
             and msg.content == last_message.content
+            and msg.content
         )
     )
 
diff --git a/bot/utils/time.py b/bot/utils/time.py
index 47e49904b..f862e40f7 100644
--- a/bot/utils/time.py
+++ b/bot/utils/time.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import asyncio
 import datetime
+import re
 from typing import Optional
 
 import dateutil.parser
@@ -8,6 +9,16 @@ from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta
 RFC1123_FORMAT = "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT"
 INFRACTION_FORMAT = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M"
 
+_DURATION_REGEX = re.compile(
+    r"((?P<years>\d+?) ?(years|year|Y|y) ?)?"
+    r"((?P<months>\d+?) ?(months|month|m) ?)?"
+    r"((?P<weeks>\d+?) ?(weeks|week|W|w) ?)?"
+    r"((?P<days>\d+?) ?(days|day|D|d) ?)?"
+    r"((?P<hours>\d+?) ?(hours|hour|H|h) ?)?"
+    r"((?P<minutes>\d+?) ?(minutes|minute|M) ?)?"
+    r"((?P<seconds>\d+?) ?(seconds|second|S|s))?"
+)
+
 
 def _stringify_time_unit(value: int, unit: str) -> str:
     """
@@ -74,6 +85,37 @@ def humanize_delta(delta: relativedelta, precision: str = "seconds", max_units:
     return humanized
 
 
+def parse_duration_string(duration: str) -> Optional[relativedelta]:
+    """
+    Converts a `duration` string to a relativedelta object.
+
+    The function supports the following symbols for each unit of time:
+    - years: `Y`, `y`, `year`, `years`
+    - months: `m`, `month`, `months`
+    - weeks: `w`, `W`, `week`, `weeks`
+    - days: `d`, `D`, `day`, `days`
+    - hours: `H`, `h`, `hour`, `hours`
+    - minutes: `M`, `minute`, `minutes`
+    - seconds: `S`, `s`, `second`, `seconds`
+    The units need to be provided in descending order of magnitude.
+    If the string does represent a durationdelta object, it will return None.
+    """
+    match = _DURATION_REGEX.fullmatch(duration)
+    if not match:
+        return None
+
+    duration_dict = {unit: int(amount) for unit, amount in match.groupdict(default=0).items()}
+    delta = relativedelta(**duration_dict)
+
+    return delta
+
+
+def relativedelta_to_timedelta(delta: relativedelta) -> datetime.timedelta:
+    """Converts a relativedelta object to a timedelta object."""
+    utcnow = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
+    return utcnow + delta - utcnow
+
+
 def time_since(past_datetime: datetime.datetime, precision: str = "seconds", max_units: int = 6) -> str:
     """
     Takes a datetime and returns a human-readable string that describes how long ago that datetime was.
diff --git a/config-default.yml b/config-default.yml
index d3b267159..18d9cd370 100644
--- a/config-default.yml
+++ b/config-default.yml
@@ -24,13 +24,16 @@ bot:
 
 style:
     colours:
+        blue: 0x3775a8
         bright_green: 0x01d277
-        soft_green: 0x68c290
-        soft_orange: 0xf9cb54
-        soft_red: 0xcd6d6d
         orange: 0xe67e22
         pink: 0xcf84e0
         purple: 0xb734eb
+        soft_green: 0x68c290
+        soft_orange: 0xf9cb54
+        soft_red: 0xcd6d6d
+        white: 0xfffffe
+        yellow: 0xffd241
 
     emojis:
         badge_bug_hunter: "<:bug_hunter_lvl1:743882896372269137>"
@@ -44,9 +47,9 @@ style:
         badge_staff: "<:discord_staff:743882896498098226>"
         badge_verified_bot_developer: "<:verified_bot_dev:743882897299210310>"
 
-        defcon_disabled: "<:defcondisabled:470326273952972810>"
-        defcon_enabled:  "<:defconenabled:470326274213150730>"
-        defcon_updated:  "<:defconsettingsupdated:470326274082996224>"
+        defcon_shutdown:    "<:defcondisabled:470326273952972810>"
+        defcon_unshutdown:  "<:defconenabled:470326274213150730>"
+        defcon_update:      "<:defconsettingsupdated:470326274082996224>"
 
         failmail: "<:failmail:633660039931887616>"
 
@@ -80,13 +83,14 @@ style:
         crown_red:     "https://cdn.discordapp.com/emojis/469964154879344640.png"
 
         defcon_denied:   "https://cdn.discordapp.com/emojis/472475292078964738.png"
-        defcon_disabled: "https://cdn.discordapp.com/emojis/470326273952972810.png"
-        defcon_enabled:  "https://cdn.discordapp.com/emojis/470326274213150730.png"
-        defcon_updated:  "https://cdn.discordapp.com/emojis/472472638342561793.png"
+        defcon_shutdown: "https://cdn.discordapp.com/emojis/470326273952972810.png"
+        defcon_unshutdown:  "https://cdn.discordapp.com/emojis/470326274213150730.png"
+        defcon_update:  "https://cdn.discordapp.com/emojis/472472638342561793.png"
 
         filtering: "https://cdn.discordapp.com/emojis/472472638594482195.png"
 
         green_checkmark: "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/python-discord/branding/master/icons/checkmark/green-checkmark-dist.png"
+        green_questionmark: "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/python-discord/branding/master/icons/checkmark/green-question-mark-dist.png"
         guild_update: "https://cdn.discordapp.com/emojis/469954765141442561.png"
 
         hash_blurple: "https://cdn.discordapp.com/emojis/469950142942806017.png"
@@ -257,6 +261,7 @@ guild:
         # Staff
         admins:             &ADMINS_ROLE    267628507062992896
         core_developers:                    587606783669829632
+        devops:                             409416496733880320
         helpers:            &HELPERS_ROLE   267630620367257601
         moderators:         &MODS_ROLE      267629731250176001
         owners:             &OWNERS_ROLE    267627879762755584
@@ -334,8 +339,11 @@ keys:
 
 urls:
     # PyDis site vars
+    connect_max_retries:       3
+    connect_cooldown:          5
     site:        &DOMAIN       "pythondiscord.com"
-    site_api:    &API    !JOIN ["api.", *DOMAIN]
+    site_api:    &API          "pydis-api.default.svc.cluster.local"
+    site_api_schema:           "http://"
     site_paste:  &PASTE  !JOIN ["paste.", *DOMAIN]
     site_schema: &SCHEMA       "https://"
     site_staff:  &STAFF  !JOIN ["staff.", *DOMAIN]
@@ -367,7 +375,7 @@ anti_spam:
     rules:
         attachments:
             interval: 10
-            max: 9
+            max: 6
 
         burst:
             interval: 10
@@ -466,7 +474,7 @@ help_channels:
     deleted_idle_minutes: 5
 
     # Maximum number of channels to put in the available category
-    max_available: 2
+    max_available: 3
 
     # Maximum number of channels across all 3 categories
     # Note Discord has a hard limit of 50 channels per category, so this shouldn't be > 50
diff --git a/tests/bot/exts/filters/test_token_remover.py b/tests/bot/exts/filters/test_token_remover.py
index f99cc3370..51feae9cb 100644
--- a/tests/bot/exts/filters/test_token_remover.py
+++ b/tests/bot/exts/filters/test_token_remover.py
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ class TokenRemoverTests(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
             channel=self.msg.channel.mention,
             user_id=token.user_id,
             timestamp=token.timestamp,
-            hmac="x" * len(token.hmac),
+            hmac="xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxjf4",
         )
 
     @autospec("bot.exts.filters.token_remover", "UNKNOWN_USER_LOG_MESSAGE")
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ class TokenRemoverTests(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
 
         return_value = TokenRemover.format_userid_log_message(msg, token)
 
-        self.assertEqual(return_value, (known_user_log_message.format.return_value, False))
+        self.assertEqual(return_value, (known_user_log_message.format.return_value, True))
 
         known_user_log_message.format.assert_called_once_with(
             user_id=472265943062413332,
author	Xithrius <[email protected]>	2021-03-06 07:13:08 -0800
committer	GitHub <[email protected]>	2021-03-06 07:13:08 -0800
commit	1552dd031dd508af4bc54ce7070aaae5858444df (patch)
tree	20121fe09df73fdc7493b3f5638a619b34e90d96
parent	Remove compatibility-none returns from filters (diff)
parent	Merge pull request #1392 from ChrisLovering/Don't-suggest-when-a-tag-is-on-co... (diff)