Merge branch 'main' into duckduckduckgoose

25 files changed, 409 insertions, 178 deletions

diff --git a/bot/constants.py b/bot/constants.py
index ff901c8e..6323af80 100644
--- a/bot/constants.py
+++ b/bot/constants.py
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class Client(NamedTuple):
     prefix = environ.get("PREFIX", ".")
     token = environ.get("BOT_TOKEN")
     sentry_dsn = environ.get("BOT_SENTRY_DSN")
-    debug = environ.get("BOT_DEBUG", "").lower() == "true"
+    debug = environ.get("BOT_DEBUG", "true").lower() == "true"
     github_bot_repo = "https://github.com/python-discord/sir-lancebot"
     # Override seasonal locks: 1 (January) to 12 (December)
     month_override = int(environ["MONTH_OVERRIDE"]) if "MONTH_OVERRIDE" in environ else None
@@ -226,6 +226,10 @@ class Emojis:
     status_dnd = "<:status_dnd:470326272082313216>"
     status_offline = "<:status_offline:470326266537705472>"
 
+
+    stackoverflow_tag = "<:stack_tag:870926975307501570>"
+    stackoverflow_views = "<:stack_eye:870926992692879371>"
+
     # Reddit emojis
     reddit = "<:reddit:676030265734332427>"
     reddit_post_text = "<:reddit_post_text:676030265910493204>"
diff --git a/bot/exts/christmas/advent_of_code/_helpers.py b/bot/exts/christmas/advent_of_code/_helpers.py
index 96de90c4..e26a17ca 100644
--- a/bot/exts/christmas/advent_of_code/_helpers.py
+++ b/bot/exts/christmas/advent_of_code/_helpers.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class UnexpectedResponseStatus(aiohttp.ClientError):
     """Raised when an unexpected redirect was detected."""
 
 
-class FetchingLeaderboardFailed(Exception):
+class FetchingLeaderboardFailedError(Exception):
     """Raised when one or more leaderboards could not be fetched at all."""
 
 
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ async def _fetch_leaderboard_data() -> typing.Dict[str, typing.Any]:
             except UnexpectedRedirect:
                 if cookies["session"] == AdventOfCode.fallback_session:
                     log.error("It seems like the fallback cookie has expired!")
-                    raise FetchingLeaderboardFailed from None
+                    raise FetchingLeaderboardFailedError from None
 
                 # If we're here, it means that the original session did not
                 # work. Let's fall back to the fallback session.
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ async def _fetch_leaderboard_data() -> typing.Dict[str, typing.Any]:
                 continue
             except aiohttp.ClientError:
                 # Don't retry, something unexpected is wrong and it may not be the session.
-                raise FetchingLeaderboardFailed from None
+                raise FetchingLeaderboardFailedError from None
             else:
                 # Get the participants and store their current count.
                 board_participants = raw_data["members"]
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ async def _fetch_leaderboard_data() -> typing.Dict[str, typing.Any]:
                 break
         else:
             log.error(f"reached 'unreachable' state while fetching board `{leaderboard.id}`.")
-            raise FetchingLeaderboardFailed
+            raise FetchingLeaderboardFailedError
 
     log.info(f"Fetched leaderboard information for {len(participants)} participants")
     return participants
diff --git a/bot/exts/evergreen/avatar_modification/_effects.py b/bot/exts/evergreen/avatar_modification/_effects.py
index b53b26f3..92244207 100644
--- a/bot/exts/evergreen/avatar_modification/_effects.py
+++ b/bot/exts/evergreen/avatar_modification/_effects.py
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ class PfpEffects:
         """Applies the given effect to the image passed to it."""
         im = Image.open(BytesIO(image_bytes))
         im = im.convert("RGBA")
+        im = im.resize((1024, 1024))
         im = effect(im, *args)
 
         bufferedio = BytesIO()
@@ -74,7 +75,6 @@ class PfpEffects:
     @staticmethod
     def pridify_effect(image: Image.Image, pixels: int, flag: str) -> Image.Image:
         """Applies the given pride effect to the given image."""
-        image = image.resize((1024, 1024))
         image = PfpEffects.crop_avatar_circle(image)
 
         ring = Image.open(Path(f"bot/resources/pride/flags/{flag}.png")).resize((1024, 1024))
@@ -97,6 +97,17 @@ class PfpEffects:
         return image.quantize()
 
     @staticmethod
+    def flip_effect(image: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
+        """
+        Flips the image horizontally.
+
+        This is done by just using ImageOps.mirror().
+        """
+        image = ImageOps.mirror(image)
+
+        return image
+
+    @staticmethod
     def easterify_effect(image: Image.Image, overlay_image: t.Optional[Image.Image] = None) -> Image.Image:
         """
         Applies the easter effect to the given image.
@@ -272,16 +283,14 @@ class PfpEffects:
         return new_image
 
     @staticmethod
-    def mosaic_effect(img_bytes: bytes, squares: int, file_name: str) -> discord.File:
-        """Separate function run from an executor which turns an image into a mosaic."""
-        avatar = Image.open(BytesIO(img_bytes))
-        avatar = avatar.convert("RGBA").resize((1024, 1024))
+    def mosaic_effect(image: Image.Image, squares: int) -> Image.Image:
+        """
+        Applies a mosaic effect to the given image.
 
-        img_squares = PfpEffects.split_image(avatar, squares)
+        The "squares" argument specifies the number of squares to split
+        the image into. This should be a square number.
+        """
+        img_squares = PfpEffects.split_image(image, squares)
         new_img = PfpEffects.join_images(img_squares)
 
-        bufferedio = BytesIO()
-        new_img.save(bufferedio, format="PNG")
-        bufferedio.seek(0)
-
-        return discord.File(bufferedio, filename=file_name)
+        return new_img
diff --git a/bot/exts/evergreen/avatar_modification/avatar_modify.py b/bot/exts/evergreen/avatar_modification/avatar_modify.py
index 17f34ed4..7b4ae9c7 100644
--- a/bot/exts/evergreen/avatar_modification/avatar_modify.py
+++ b/bot/exts/evergreen/avatar_modification/avatar_modify.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import discord
-from aiohttp import client_exceptions
 from discord.ext import commands
 
 from bot.bot import Bot
@@ -121,6 +120,43 @@ class AvatarModify(commands.Cog):
 
         await ctx.send(embed=embed, file=file)
 
+    @avatar_modify.command(name="reverse", root_aliases=("reverse",))
+    async def reverse(self, ctx: commands.Context, *, text: t.Optional[str]) -> None:
+        """
+        Reverses the sent text.
+
+        If no text is provided, the user's profile picture will be reversed.
+        """
+        if text:
+            await ctx.send(f"> {text[::-1]}", allowed_mentions=discord.AllowedMentions.none())
+            return
+
+        async with ctx.typing():
+            user = await self._fetch_user(ctx.author.id)
+            if not user:
+                await ctx.send(f"{Emojis.cross_mark} Could not get user info.")
+                return
+
+            image_bytes = await user.avatar_url_as(size=1024).read()
+            filename = file_safe_name("reverse_avatar", ctx.author.display_name)
+
+            file = await in_executor(
+                PfpEffects.apply_effect,
+                image_bytes,
+                PfpEffects.flip_effect,
+                filename
+            )
+
+            embed = discord.Embed(
+                title="Your reversed avatar.",
+                description="Here is your reversed avatar. I think it is a spitting image of you."
+            )
+
+            embed.set_image(url=f"attachment://{filename}")
+            embed.set_footer(text=f"Made by {ctx.author.display_name}.", icon_url=user.avatar_url)
+
+            await ctx.send(embed=embed, file=file)
+
     @avatar_modify.command(aliases=("easterify",), root_aliases=("easterify", "avatareasterify"))
     async def avatareasterify(self, ctx: commands.Context, *colours: t.Union[discord.Colour, str]) -> None:
         """
@@ -236,37 +272,6 @@ class AvatarModify(commands.Cog):
             await self.send_pride_image(ctx, image_bytes, pixels, flag, option)
 
     @prideavatar.command()
-    async def image(self, ctx: commands.Context, url: str, option: str = "lgbt", pixels: int = 64) -> None:
-        """
-        This surrounds the image specified by the URL with a border of a specified LGBT flag.
-
-        This defaults to the LGBT rainbow flag if none is given.
-        The amount of pixels can be given which determines the thickness of the flag border.
-        This has a maximum of 512px and defaults to a 64px border.
-        The full image is 1024x1024.
-        """
-        option = option.lower()
-        pixels = max(0, min(512, pixels))
-        flag = GENDER_OPTIONS.get(option)
-        if flag is None:
-            await ctx.send("I don't have that flag!")
-            return
-
-        async with ctx.typing():
-            try:
-                async with self.bot.http_session.get(url) as response:
-                    if response.status != 200:
-                        await ctx.send("Bad response from provided URL!")
-                        return
-                    image_bytes = await response.read()
-            except client_exceptions.ClientConnectorError:
-                raise commands.BadArgument("Cannot connect to provided URL!")
-            except client_exceptions.InvalidURL:
-                raise commands.BadArgument("Invalid URL!")
-
-            await self.send_pride_image(ctx, image_bytes, pixels, flag, option)
-
-    @prideavatar.command()
     async def flags(self, ctx: commands.Context) -> None:
         """This lists the flags that can be used with the prideavatar command."""
         choices = sorted(set(GENDER_OPTIONS.values()))
@@ -283,12 +288,9 @@ class AvatarModify(commands.Cog):
         root_aliases=("spookyavatar", "spookify", "savatar"),
         brief="Spookify an user's avatar."
     )
-    async def spookyavatar(self, ctx: commands.Context, member: discord.Member = None) -> None:
-        """This "spookifies" the given user's avatar, with a random *spooky* effect."""
-        if member is None:
-            member = ctx.author
-
-        user = await self._fetch_user(member.id)
+    async def spookyavatar(self, ctx: commands.Context) -> None:
+        """This "spookifies" the user's avatar, with a random *spooky* effect."""
+        user = await self._fetch_user(ctx.author.id)
         if not user:
             await ctx.send(f"{Emojis.cross_mark} Could not get user info.")
             return
@@ -296,7 +298,7 @@ class AvatarModify(commands.Cog):
         async with ctx.typing():
             image_bytes = await user.avatar_url_as(size=1024).read()
 
-            file_name = file_safe_name("spooky_avatar", member.display_name)
+            file_name = file_safe_name("spooky_avatar", ctx.author.display_name)
 
             file = await in_executor(
                 PfpEffects.apply_effect,
@@ -309,7 +311,6 @@ class AvatarModify(commands.Cog):
                 title="Is this you or am I just really paranoid?",
                 colour=Colours.soft_red
             )
-            embed.set_author(name=member.name, icon_url=member.avatar_url)
             embed.set_image(url=f"attachment://{file_name}")
             embed.set_footer(text=f"Made by {ctx.author.display_name}.", icon_url=ctx.author.avatar_url)
 
@@ -337,10 +338,11 @@ class AvatarModify(commands.Cog):
             img_bytes = await user.avatar_url_as(size=1024).read()
 
             file = await in_executor(
-                PfpEffects.mosaic_effect,
+                PfpEffects.apply_effect,
                 img_bytes,
+                PfpEffects.mosaic_effect,
+                file_name,
                 squares,
-                file_name
             )
 
             if squares == 1:
diff --git a/bot/exts/evergreen/bookmark.py b/bot/exts/evergreen/bookmark.py
index 85c9b46f..f93371a6 100644
--- a/bot/exts/evergreen/bookmark.py
+++ b/bot/exts/evergreen/bookmark.py
@@ -7,14 +7,16 @@ import discord
 from discord.ext import commands
 
 from bot.bot import Bot
-from bot.constants import Colours, ERROR_REPLIES, Icons
+from bot.constants import Categories, Colours, ERROR_REPLIES, Icons, WHITELISTED_CHANNELS
 from bot.utils.converters import WrappedMessageConverter
+from bot.utils.decorators import whitelist_override
 
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 # Number of seconds to wait for other users to bookmark the same message
 TIMEOUT = 120
 BOOKMARK_EMOJI = "📌"
+WHITELISTED_CATEGORIES = (Categories.help_in_use,)
 
 
 class Bookmark(commands.Cog):
@@ -85,6 +87,7 @@ class Bookmark(commands.Cog):
         await message.add_reaction(BOOKMARK_EMOJI)
         return message
 
+    @whitelist_override(channels=WHITELISTED_CHANNELS, categories=WHITELISTED_CATEGORIES)
     @commands.command(name="bookmark", aliases=("bm", "pin"))
     async def bookmark(
         self,
diff --git a/bot/exts/evergreen/error_handler.py b/bot/exts/evergreen/error_handler.py
index 5873fb83..a280c725 100644
--- a/bot/exts/evergreen/error_handler.py
+++ b/bot/exts/evergreen/error_handler.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from sentry_sdk import push_scope
 from bot.bot import Bot
 from bot.constants import Channels, Colours, ERROR_REPLIES, NEGATIVE_REPLIES, RedirectOutput
 from bot.utils.decorators import InChannelCheckFailure, InMonthCheckFailure
-from bot.utils.exceptions import UserNotPlayingError
+from bot.utils.exceptions import APIError, UserNotPlayingError
 
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -120,6 +120,15 @@ class CommandErrorHandler(commands.Cog):
             await ctx.send("Game not found.")
             return
 
+        if isinstance(error, APIError):
+            await ctx.send(
+                embed=self.error_embed(
+                    f"There was an error when communicating with the {error.api}",
+                    NEGATIVE_REPLIES
+                )
+            )
+            return
+
         with push_scope() as scope:
             scope.user = {
                 "id": ctx.author.id,
diff --git a/bot/exts/evergreen/githubinfo.py b/bot/exts/evergreen/githubinfo.py
index 27e607e5..d29f3aa9 100644
--- a/bot/exts/evergreen/githubinfo.py
+++ b/bot/exts/evergreen/githubinfo.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import logging
 import random
 from datetime import datetime
-from urllib.parse import quote
+from urllib.parse import quote, quote_plus
 
 import discord
 from discord.ext import commands
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class GithubInfo(commands.Cog):
     async def github_user_info(self, ctx: commands.Context, username: str) -> None:
         """Fetches a user's GitHub information."""
         async with ctx.typing():
-            user_data = await self.fetch_data(f"{GITHUB_API_URL}/users/{username}")
+            user_data = await self.fetch_data(f"{GITHUB_API_URL}/users/{quote_plus(username)}")
 
             # User_data will not have a message key if the user exists
             if "message" in user_data:
@@ -91,7 +91,10 @@ class GithubInfo(commands.Cog):
             )
 
             if user_data["type"] == "User":
-                embed.add_field(name="Gists", value=f"[{gists}](https://gist.github.com/{quote(username, safe='')})")
+                embed.add_field(
+                    name="Gists",
+                    value=f"[{gists}](https://gist.github.com/{quote_plus(username, safe='')})"
+                )
 
                 embed.add_field(
                     name=f"Organization{'s' if len(orgs)!=1 else ''}",
diff --git a/bot/exts/evergreen/help.py b/bot/exts/evergreen/help.py
index 3c9ba4d2..bfb5db17 100644
--- a/bot/exts/evergreen/help.py
+++ b/bot/exts/evergreen/help.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from typing import List, NamedTuple, Union
 from discord import Colour, Embed, HTTPException, Message, Reaction, User
 from discord.ext import commands
 from discord.ext.commands import CheckFailure, Cog as DiscordCog, Command, Context
-from fuzzywuzzy import fuzz, process
+from rapidfuzz import process
 
 from bot import constants
 from bot.bot import Bot
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ class HelpSession:
         # Combine command and cog names
         choices = list(self._bot.all_commands) + list(self._bot.cogs)
 
-        result = process.extractBests(query, choices, scorer=fuzz.ratio, score_cutoff=90)
+        result = process.extract(query, choices, score_cutoff=90)
 
         raise HelpQueryNotFound(f'Query "{query}" not found.', dict(result))
 
diff --git a/bot/exts/evergreen/movie.py b/bot/exts/evergreen/movie.py
index 10638aea..c6af4bcd 100644
--- a/bot/exts/evergreen/movie.py
+++ b/bot/exts/evergreen/movie.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import logging
 import random
 from enum import Enum
 from typing import Any, Dict, List, Tuple
-from urllib.parse import urlencode
 
 from aiohttp import ClientSession
 from discord import Embed
@@ -121,10 +120,10 @@ class Movie(Cog):
             "with_genres": genre_id
         }
 
-        url = BASE_URL + "discover/movie?" + urlencode(params)
+        url = BASE_URL + "discover/movie"
 
         # Make discover request to TMDB, return result
-        async with client.get(url) as resp:
+        async with client.get(url, params=params) as resp:
             return await resp.json()
 
     async def get_pages(self, client: ClientSession, movies: Dict[str, Any], amount: int) -> List[Tuple[str, str]]:
@@ -142,9 +141,11 @@ class Movie(Cog):
 
     async def get_movie(self, client: ClientSession, movie: int) -> Dict:
         """Get Movie by movie ID from TMDB. Return result dictionary."""
-        url = BASE_URL + f"movie/{movie}?" + urlencode(MOVIE_PARAMS)
+        if not isinstance(movie, int):
+            raise ValueError("Error while fetching movie from TMDB, movie argument must be integer. ")
+        url = BASE_URL + f"movie/{movie}"
 
-        async with client.get(url) as resp:
+        async with client.get(url, params=MOVIE_PARAMS) as resp:
             return await resp.json()
 
     async def create_page(self, movie: Dict[str, Any]) -> Tuple[str, str]:
diff --git a/bot/exts/evergreen/realpython.py b/bot/exts/evergreen/realpython.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e722dd4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bot/exts/evergreen/realpython.py
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+import logging
+from html import unescape
+from urllib.parse import quote_plus
+
+from discord import Embed
+from discord.ext import commands
+
+from bot import bot
+from bot.constants import Colours
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+API_ROOT = "https://realpython.com/search/api/v1/"
+ARTICLE_URL = "https://realpython.com{article_url}"
+SEARCH_URL = "https://realpython.com/search?q={user_search}"
+
+
+ERROR_EMBED = Embed(
+    title="Error while searching Real Python",
+    description="There was an error while trying to reach Real Python. Please try again shortly.",
+    color=Colours.soft_red,
+)
+
+
+class RealPython(commands.Cog):
+    """User initiated command to search for a Real Python article."""
+
+    def __init__(self, bot: bot.Bot):
+        self.bot = bot
+
+    @commands.command(aliases=["rp"])
+    @commands.cooldown(1, 10, commands.cooldowns.BucketType.user)
+    async def realpython(self, ctx: commands.Context, *, user_search: str) -> None:
+        """Send 5 articles that match the user's search terms."""
+        params = {"q": user_search, "limit": 5}
+        async with self.bot.http_session.get(url=API_ROOT, params=params) as response:
+            if response.status != 200:
+                logger.error(
+                    f"Unexpected status code {response.status} from Real Python"
+                )
+                await ctx.send(embed=ERROR_EMBED)
+                return
+
+            data = await response.json()
+
+        articles = data["results"]
+
+        if len(articles) == 0:
+            no_articles = Embed(
+                title=f"No articles found for '{user_search}'", color=Colours.soft_red
+            )
+            await ctx.send(embed=no_articles)
+            return
+
+        article_embed = Embed(
+            title="Search results - Real Python",
+            url=SEARCH_URL.format(user_search=quote_plus(user_search)),
+            description="Here are the top 5 results:",
+            color=Colours.orange,
+        )
+
+        for article in articles:
+            article_embed.add_field(
+                name=unescape(article["title"]),
+                value=ARTICLE_URL.format(article_url=article["url"]),
+                inline=False,
+            )
+        article_embed.set_footer(text="Click the links to go to the articles.")
+
+        await ctx.send(embed=article_embed)
+
+
+def setup(bot: bot.Bot) -> None:
+    """Load the Real Python Cog."""
+    bot.add_cog(RealPython(bot))
diff --git a/bot/exts/evergreen/snakes/_converter.py b/bot/exts/evergreen/snakes/_converter.py
index 26bde611..c8d1909b 100644
--- a/bot/exts/evergreen/snakes/_converter.py
+++ b/bot/exts/evergreen/snakes/_converter.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from typing import Iterable, List
 
 import discord
 from discord.ext.commands import Context, Converter
-from fuzzywuzzy import fuzz
+from rapidfuzz import fuzz
 
 from bot.exts.evergreen.snakes._utils import SNAKE_RESOURCES
 from bot.utils import disambiguate
diff --git a/bot/exts/evergreen/snakes/_utils.py b/bot/exts/evergreen/snakes/_utils.py
index 0a5894b7..f996d7f8 100644
--- a/bot/exts/evergreen/snakes/_utils.py
+++ b/bot/exts/evergreen/snakes/_utils.py
@@ -55,7 +55,8 @@ snakes = {
     "Baby Rattle Snake": "https://i.imgur.com/i5jYA8f.png",
     "Baby Dragon Snake": "https://i.imgur.com/SuMKM4m.png",
     "Baby Garden Snake": "https://i.imgur.com/5vYx3ah.png",
-    "Baby Cobra": "https://i.imgur.com/jk14ryt.png"
+    "Baby Cobra": "https://i.imgur.com/jk14ryt.png",
+    "Baby Anaconda": "https://i.imgur.com/EpdrnNr.png",
 }
 
 BOARD_TILE_SIZE = 56         # the size of each board tile
diff --git a/bot/exts/evergreen/stackoverflow.py b/bot/exts/evergreen/stackoverflow.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..40f149c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bot/exts/evergreen/stackoverflow.py
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+import logging
+from html import unescape
+from urllib.parse import quote_plus
+
+from discord import Embed, HTTPException
+from discord.ext import commands
+
+from bot import bot
+from bot.constants import Colours, Emojis
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+BASE_URL = "https://api.stackexchange.com/2.2/search/advanced"
+SO_PARAMS = {
+    "order": "desc",
+    "sort": "activity",
+    "site": "stackoverflow"
+}
+SEARCH_URL = "https://stackoverflow.com/search?q={query}"
+ERR_EMBED = Embed(
+    title="Error in fetching results from Stackoverflow",
+    description=(
+        "Sorry, there was en error while trying to fetch data from the Stackoverflow website. Please try again in some "
+        "time. If this issue persists, please contact the staff or send a message in #dev-contrib."
+    ),
+    color=Colours.soft_red
+)
+
+
+class Stackoverflow(commands.Cog):
+    """Contains command to interact with stackoverflow from discord."""
+
+    def __init__(self, bot: bot.Bot):
+        self.bot = bot
+
+    @commands.command(aliases=["so"])
+    @commands.cooldown(1, 15, commands.cooldowns.BucketType.user)
+    async def stackoverflow(self, ctx: commands.Context, *, search_query: str) -> None:
+        """Sends the top 5 results of a search query from stackoverflow."""
+        params = SO_PARAMS | {"q": search_query}
+        async with self.bot.http_session.get(url=BASE_URL, params=params) as response:
+            if response.status == 200:
+                data = await response.json()
+            else:
+                logger.error(f'Status code is not 200, it is {response.status}')
+                await ctx.send(embed=ERR_EMBED)
+                return
+        if not data['items']:
+            no_search_result = Embed(
+                title=f"No search results found for {search_query}",
+                color=Colours.soft_red
+            )
+            await ctx.send(embed=no_search_result)
+            return
+
+        top5 = data["items"][:5]
+        encoded_search_query = quote_plus(search_query)
+        embed = Embed(
+            title="Search results - Stackoverflow",
+            url=SEARCH_URL.format(query=encoded_search_query),
+            description=f"Here are the top {len(top5)} results:",
+            color=Colours.orange
+        )
+        for item in top5:
+            embed.add_field(
+                name=unescape(item['title']),
+                value=(
+                    f"[{Emojis.reddit_upvote} {item['score']}    "
+                    f"{Emojis.stackoverflow_views} {item['view_count']}     "
+                    f"{Emojis.reddit_comments} {item['answer_count']}   "
+                    f"{Emojis.stackoverflow_tag} {', '.join(item['tags'][:3])}]"
+                    f"({item['link']})"
+                ),
+                inline=False)
+        embed.set_footer(text="View the original link for more results.")
+        try:
+            await ctx.send(embed=embed)
+        except HTTPException:
+            search_query_too_long = Embed(
+                title="Your search query is too long, please try shortening your search query",
+                color=Colours.soft_red
+            )
+            await ctx.send(embed=search_query_too_long)
+
+
+def setup(bot: bot.Bot) -> None:
+    """Load the Stackoverflow Cog."""
+    bot.add_cog(Stackoverflow(bot))
diff --git a/bot/exts/evergreen/trivia_quiz.py b/bot/exts/evergreen/trivia_quiz.py
index 28924aed..bc25cbf7 100644
--- a/bot/exts/evergreen/trivia_quiz.py
+++ b/bot/exts/evergreen/trivia_quiz.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from typing import Callable, List, Optional
 
 import discord
 from discord.ext import commands
-from fuzzywuzzy import fuzz
+from rapidfuzz import fuzz
 
 from bot.bot import Bot
 from bot.constants import Colours, NEGATIVE_REPLIES, Roles
diff --git a/bot/exts/evergreen/wikipedia.py b/bot/exts/evergreen/wikipedia.py
index 83937438..27e68397 100644
--- a/bot/exts/evergreen/wikipedia.py
+++ b/bot/exts/evergreen/wikipedia.py
@@ -2,20 +2,30 @@ import logging
 import re
 from datetime import datetime
 from html import unescape
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import List
 
 from discord import Color, Embed, TextChannel
 from discord.ext import commands
 
 from bot.bot import Bot
 from bot.utils import LinePaginator
+from bot.utils.exceptions import APIError
 
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 SEARCH_API = (
-    "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=query&list=search&prop=info&inprop=url&utf8=&"
-    "format=json&origin=*&srlimit={number_of_results}&srsearch={string}"
+    "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php"
 )
+WIKI_PARAMS = {
+    "action": "query",
+    "list": "search",
+    "prop": "info",
+    "inprop": "url",
+    "utf8": "",
+    "format": "json",
+    "origin": "*",
+
+}
 WIKI_THUMBNAIL = (
     "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg"
     "/330px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png"
@@ -33,43 +43,36 @@ class WikipediaSearch(commands.Cog):
     def __init__(self, bot: Bot):
         self.bot = bot
 
-    async def wiki_request(self, channel: TextChannel, search: str) -> Optional[List[str]]:
+    async def wiki_request(self, channel: TextChannel, search: str) -> List[str]:
         """Search wikipedia search string and return formatted first 10 pages found."""
-        url = SEARCH_API.format(number_of_results=10, string=search)
-        async with self.bot.http_session.get(url=url) as resp:
-            if resp.status == 200:
-                raw_data = await resp.json()
-                number_of_results = raw_data["query"]["searchinfo"]["totalhits"]
-
-                if number_of_results:
-                    results = raw_data["query"]["search"]
-                    lines = []
-
-                    for article in results:
-                        line = WIKI_SEARCH_RESULT.format(
-                            name=article["title"],
-                            description=unescape(
-                                re.sub(
-                                    WIKI_SNIPPET_REGEX, "", article["snippet"]
-                                )
-                            ),
-                            url=f"https://en.wikipedia.org/?curid={article['pageid']}"
-                        )
-                        lines.append(line)
-
-                    return lines
-
-                else:
-                    await channel.send(
-                        "Sorry, we could not find a wikipedia article using that search term."
-                    )
-                    return
-            else:
+        params = WIKI_PARAMS | {"srlimit": 10, "srsearch": search}
+        async with self.bot.http_session.get(url=SEARCH_API, params=params) as resp:
+            if resp.status != 200:
                 log.info(f"Unexpected response `{resp.status}` while searching wikipedia for `{search}`")
-                await channel.send(
-                    "Whoops, the Wikipedia API is having some issues right now. Try again later."
-                )
-                return
+                raise APIError("Wikipedia API", resp.status)
+
+            raw_data = await resp.json()
+
+            if not raw_data.get("query"):
+                if error := raw_data.get("errors"):
+                    log.error(f"There was an error while communicating with the Wikipedia API: {error}")
+                raise APIError("Wikipedia API", resp.status, error)
+
+            lines = []
+            if raw_data["query"]["searchinfo"]["totalhits"]:
+                for article in raw_data["query"]["search"]:
+                    line = WIKI_SEARCH_RESULT.format(
+                        name=article["title"],
+                        description=unescape(
+                            re.sub(
+                                WIKI_SNIPPET_REGEX, "", article["snippet"]
+                            )
+                        ),
+                        url=f"https://en.wikipedia.org/?curid={article['pageid']}"
+                    )
+                    lines.append(line)
+
+            return lines
 
     @commands.cooldown(1, 10, commands.BucketType.user)
     @commands.command(name="wikipedia", aliases=("wiki",))
@@ -87,6 +90,10 @@ class WikipediaSearch(commands.Cog):
             await LinePaginator.paginate(
                 contents, ctx, embed
             )
+        else:
+            await ctx.send(
+                "Sorry, we could not find a wikipedia article using that search term."
+            )
 
 
 def setup(bot: Bot) -> None:
diff --git a/bot/exts/evergreen/wolfram.py b/bot/exts/evergreen/wolfram.py
index d23afd6f..26674d37 100644
--- a/bot/exts/evergreen/wolfram.py
+++ b/bot/exts/evergreen/wolfram.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import logging
 from io import BytesIO
 from typing import Callable, List, Optional, Tuple
-from urllib import parse
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
 
 import arrow
 import discord
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 APPID = Wolfram.key
 DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FORMAT = "JSON"
-QUERY = "http://api.wolframalpha.com/v2/{request}?{data}"
+QUERY = "http://api.wolframalpha.com/v2/{request}"
 WOLF_IMAGE = "https://www.symbols.com/gi.php?type=1&id=2886&i=1"
 
 MAX_PODS = 20
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ def custom_cooldown(*ignore: List[int]) -> Callable:
 async def get_pod_pages(ctx: Context, bot: Bot, query: str) -> Optional[List[Tuple]]:
     """Get the Wolfram API pod pages for the provided query."""
     async with ctx.typing():
-        url_str = parse.urlencode({
+        params = {
             "input": query,
             "appid": APPID,
             "output": DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FORMAT,
@@ -116,27 +116,27 @@ async def get_pod_pages(ctx: Context, bot: Bot, query: str) -> Optional[List[Tup
             "location": "the moon",
             "latlong": "0.0,0.0",
             "ip": "1.1.1.1"
-        })
-        request_url = QUERY.format(request="query", data=url_str)
+        }
+        request_url = QUERY.format(request="query")
 
-        async with bot.http_session.get(request_url) as response:
+        async with bot.http_session.get(url=request_url, params=params) as response:
             json = await response.json(content_type="text/plain")
 
         result = json["queryresult"]
-
+        log_full_url = f"{request_url}?{urlencode(params)}"
         if result["error"]:
             # API key not set up correctly
             if result["error"]["msg"] == "Invalid appid":
                 message = "Wolfram API key is invalid or missing."
                 log.warning(
                     "API key seems to be missing, or invalid when "
-                    f"processing a wolfram request: {url_str}, Response: {json}"
+                    f"processing a wolfram request: {log_full_url}, Response: {json}"
                 )
                 await send_embed(ctx, message)
                 return
 
             message = "Something went wrong internally with your request, please notify staff!"
-            log.warning(f"Something went wrong getting a response from wolfram: {url_str}, Response: {json}")
+            log.warning(f"Something went wrong getting a response from wolfram: {log_full_url}, Response: {json}")
             await send_embed(ctx, message)
             return
 
@@ -172,18 +172,18 @@ class Wolfram(Cog):
     @custom_cooldown(*STAFF_ROLES)
     async def wolfram_command(self, ctx: Context, *, query: str) -> None:
         """Requests all answers on a single image, sends an image of all related pods."""
-        url_str = parse.urlencode({
+        params = {
             "i": query,
             "appid": APPID,
             "location": "the moon",
             "latlong": "0.0,0.0",
             "ip": "1.1.1.1"
-        })
-        query = QUERY.format(request="simple", data=url_str)
+        }
+        request_url = QUERY.format(request="simple")
 
         # Give feedback that the bot is working.
         async with ctx.typing():
-            async with self.bot.http_session.get(query) as response:
+            async with self.bot.http_session.get(url=request_url, params=params) as response:
                 status = response.status
                 image_bytes = await response.read()
 
@@ -257,18 +257,18 @@ class Wolfram(Cog):
     @custom_cooldown(*STAFF_ROLES)
     async def wolfram_short_command(self, ctx: Context, *, query: str) -> None:
         """Requests an answer to a simple question."""
-        url_str = parse.urlencode({
+        params = {
             "i": query,
             "appid": APPID,
             "location": "the moon",
             "latlong": "0.0,0.0",
             "ip": "1.1.1.1"
-        })
-        query = QUERY.format(request="result", data=url_str)
+        }
+        request_url = QUERY.format(request="result")
 
         # Give feedback that the bot is working.
         async with ctx.typing():
-            async with self.bot.http_session.get(query) as response:
+            async with self.bot.http_session.get(url=request_url, params=params) as response:
                 status = response.status
                 response_text = await response.text()
 
diff --git a/bot/exts/halloween/hacktoberstats.py b/bot/exts/halloween/hacktoberstats.py
index 50d3aaf6..24106a5e 100644
--- a/bot/exts/halloween/hacktoberstats.py
+++ b/bot/exts/halloween/hacktoberstats.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import re
 from collections import Counter
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 from typing import List, Optional, Tuple, Union
+from urllib.parse import quote_plus
 
 import discord
 from async_rediscache import RedisCache
@@ -208,24 +209,24 @@ class HacktoberStats(commands.Cog):
         None will be returned when the GitHub user was not found.
         """
         log.info(f"Fetching Hacktoberfest Stats for GitHub user: '{github_username}'")
-        base_url = "https://api.github.com/search/issues?q="
+        base_url = "https://api.github.com/search/issues"
         action_type = "pr"
         is_query = "public"
         not_query = "draft"
         date_range = f"{CURRENT_YEAR}-09-30T10:00Z..{CURRENT_YEAR}-11-01T12:00Z"
         per_page = "300"
-        query_url = (
-            f"{base_url}"
+        query_params = (
             f"+type:{action_type}"
             f"+is:{is_query}"
-            f"+author:{github_username}"
+            f"+author:{quote_plus(github_username)}"
             f"+-is:{not_query}"
             f"+created:{date_range}"
             f"&per_page={per_page}"
         )
-        log.debug(f"GitHub query URL generated: {query_url}")
 
-        jsonresp = await self._fetch_url(query_url, REQUEST_HEADERS)
+        log.debug(f"GitHub query parameters generated: {query_params}")
+
+        jsonresp = await self._fetch_url(base_url, REQUEST_HEADERS, {"q": query_params})
         if "message" in jsonresp:
             # One of the parameters is invalid, short circuit for now
             api_message = jsonresp["errors"][0]["message"]
@@ -295,9 +296,9 @@ class HacktoberStats(commands.Cog):
                 outlist.append(itemdict)
         return outlist
 
-    async def _fetch_url(self, url: str, headers: dict) -> dict:
+    async def _fetch_url(self, url: str, headers: dict, params: dict) -> dict:
         """Retrieve API response from URL."""
-        async with self.bot.http_session.get(url, headers=headers) as resp:
+        async with self.bot.http_session.get(url, headers=headers, params=params) as resp:
             return await resp.json()
 
     @staticmethod
diff --git a/bot/exts/halloween/scarymovie.py b/bot/exts/halloween/scarymovie.py
index f4cf41db..33659fd8 100644
--- a/bot/exts/halloween/scarymovie.py
+++ b/bot/exts/halloween/scarymovie.py
@@ -1,19 +1,14 @@
 import logging
 import random
-from os import environ
 
 from discord import Embed
 from discord.ext import commands
 
 from bot.bot import Bot
-
+from bot.constants import Tokens
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-TMDB_API_KEY = environ.get("TMDB_API_KEY")
-TMDB_TOKEN = environ.get("TMDB_TOKEN")
-
-
 class ScaryMovie(commands.Cog):
     """Selects a random scary movie and embeds info into Discord chat."""
 
@@ -31,13 +26,14 @@ class ScaryMovie(commands.Cog):
 
     async def select_movie(self) -> dict:
         """Selects a random movie and returns a JSON of movie details from TMDb."""
-        url = "https://api.themoviedb.org/4/discover/movie"
+        url = "https://api.themoviedb.org/3/discover/movie"
         params = {
+            "api_key": Tokens.tmdb,
             "with_genres": "27",
-            "vote_count.gte": "5"
+            "vote_count.gte": "5",
+            "include_adult": "false"
         }
         headers = {
-            "Authorization": "Bearer " + TMDB_TOKEN,
             "Content-Type": "application/json;charset=utf-8"
         }
 
@@ -55,7 +51,7 @@ class ScaryMovie(commands.Cog):
         # Get full details and credits
         async with self.bot.http_session.get(
             url=f"https://api.themoviedb.org/3/movie/{selection_id}",
-            params={"api_key": TMDB_API_KEY, "append_to_response": "credits"}
+            params={"api_key": Tokens.tmdb, "append_to_response": "credits"}
         ) as selection:
 
             return await selection.json()
diff --git a/bot/exts/internal_eval/_internal_eval.py b/bot/exts/internal_eval/_internal_eval.py
index 56bf5add..b7749144 100644
--- a/bot/exts/internal_eval/_internal_eval.py
+++ b/bot/exts/internal_eval/_internal_eval.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import discord
 from discord.ext import commands
 
 from bot.bot import Bot
-from bot.constants import Roles
+from bot.constants import Client, Roles
 from bot.utils.decorators import with_role
 from bot.utils.extensions import invoke_help_command
 from ._helpers import EvalContext
@@ -41,6 +41,9 @@ class InternalEval(commands.Cog):
         self.bot = bot
         self.locals = {}
 
+        if Client.debug:
+            self.internal_group.add_check(commands.is_owner().predicate)
+
     @staticmethod
     def shorten_output(
             output: str,
diff --git a/bot/exts/pride/pride_leader.py b/bot/exts/pride/pride_leader.py
index c3426ad1..8e88183b 100644
--- a/bot/exts/pride/pride_leader.py
+++ b/bot/exts/pride/pride_leader.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from typing import Optional
 
 import discord
 from discord.ext import commands
-from fuzzywuzzy import fuzz
+from rapidfuzz import fuzz
 
 from bot import bot
 from bot import constants
diff --git a/bot/exts/valentines/lovecalculator.py b/bot/exts/valentines/lovecalculator.py
index b10b7bca..1cb10e64 100644
--- a/bot/exts/valentines/lovecalculator.py
+++ b/bot/exts/valentines/lovecalculator.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import json
 import logging
 import random
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Coroutine, Union
+from typing import Coroutine, Optional
 
 import discord
 from discord import Member
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ from discord.ext import commands
 from discord.ext.commands import BadArgument, Cog, clean_content
 
 from bot.bot import Bot
+from bot.constants import Channels, Client, Lovefest, Month
+from bot.utils.decorators import in_month
 
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -22,45 +24,45 @@ LOVE_DATA = sorted((int(key), value) for key, value in LOVE_DATA.items())
 class LoveCalculator(Cog):
     """A cog for calculating the love between two people."""
 
+    @in_month(Month.FEBRUARY)
     @commands.command(aliases=("love_calculator", "love_calc"))
     @commands.cooldown(rate=1, per=5, type=commands.BucketType.user)
-    async def love(self, ctx: commands.Context, who: Union[Member, str], whom: Union[Member, str] = None) -> None:
+    async def love(self, ctx: commands.Context, who: Member, whom: Optional[Member] = None) -> None:
         """
         Tells you how much the two love each other.
 
-        This command accepts users or arbitrary strings as arguments.
-        Users are converted from:
+        This command requires at least one member as input, if two are given love will be calculated between
+        those two users, if only one is given, the second member is asusmed to be the invoker.
+        Members are converted from:
           - User ID
           - Mention
           - name#discrim
           - name
           - nickname
 
-        Any two arguments will always yield the same result, though the order of arguments matters:
-          Running .love joseph erlang will always yield the same result.
-          Running .love erlang joseph won't yield the same result as .love joseph erlang
-
-        If you want to use multiple words for one argument, you must include quotes.
-          .love "Zes Vappa" "morning coffee"
+        Any two arguments will always yield the same result, regardless of the order of arguments:
+          Running .love @joe#6000 @chrisjl#2655 will always yield the same result.
+          Running .love @chrisjl#2655 @joe#6000 will yield the same result as before.
         """
+        if (
+            Lovefest.role_id not in [role.id for role in who.roles]
+            or (whom is not None and Lovefest.role_id not in [role.id for role in whom.roles])
+        ):
+            raise BadArgument(
+                "This command can only be ran against members with the lovefest role! "
+                "This role be can assigned by running "
+                f"`{Client.prefix}lovefest sub` in <#{Channels.community_bot_commands}>."
+            )
+
         if whom is None:
             whom = ctx.author
 
-        def normalize(arg: Union[Member, str]) -> Coroutine:
-            if isinstance(arg, Member):
-                # If we are given a member, return name#discrim without any extra changes
-                arg = str(arg)
-            else:
-                # Otherwise normalise case and remove any leading/trailing whitespace
-                arg = arg.strip().title()
+        def normalize(arg: Member) -> Coroutine:
             # This has to be done manually to be applied to usernames
-            return clean_content(escape_markdown=True).convert(ctx, arg)
-
-        who, whom = [await normalize(arg) for arg in (who, whom)]
+            return clean_content(escape_markdown=True).convert(ctx, str(arg))
 
-        # Make sure user didn't provide something silly such as 10 spaces
-        if not (who and whom):
-            raise BadArgument("Arguments must be non-empty strings.")
+        # Sort to ensure same result for same input, regardless of order
+        who, whom = sorted([await normalize(arg) for arg in (who, whom)])
 
         # Hash inputs to guarantee consistent results (hashing algorithm choice arbitrary)
         #
@@ -87,6 +89,7 @@ class LoveCalculator(Cog):
             name="A letter from Dr. Love:",
             value=data["text"]
         )
+        embed.set_footer(text=f"You can unsubscribe from lovefest by using {Client.prefix}lovefest unsub")
 
         await ctx.send(embed=embed)
 
diff --git a/bot/exts/valentines/movie_generator.py b/bot/exts/valentines/movie_generator.py
index 0fc5edb4..d2dc8213 100644
--- a/bot/exts/valentines/movie_generator.py
+++ b/bot/exts/valentines/movie_generator.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import logging
 import random
 from os import environ
-from urllib import parse
 
 import discord
 from discord.ext import commands
@@ -35,8 +34,8 @@ class RomanceMovieFinder(commands.Cog):
             "with_genres": "10749"
         }
         # The api request url
-        request_url = "https://api.themoviedb.org/3/discover/movie?" + parse.urlencode(params)
-        async with self.bot.http_session.get(request_url) as resp:
+        request_url = "https://api.themoviedb.org/3/discover/movie"
+        async with self.bot.http_session.get(request_url, params=params) as resp:
             # Trying to load the json file returned from the api
             try:
                 data = await resp.json()
diff --git a/bot/resources/evergreen/py_topics.yaml b/bot/resources/evergreen/py_topics.yaml
index 6b7e0206..a3fb2ccc 100644
--- a/bot/resources/evergreen/py_topics.yaml
+++ b/bot/resources/evergreen/py_topics.yaml
@@ -23,6 +23,19 @@
     - When you were first learning, what is a resource you wish you had?
     - What is something you know now, that you wish you knew when starting out?
     - What is something simple that you still error on today?
+    - What do you plan on eventually achieving with Python?
+    - Is Python your first programming language? If not, what is it?
+    - What's your favourite aspect of Python development? (Backend, frontend, game dev, machine learning, ai, etc.)
+    - In what ways has Python Discord helped you with Python?
+    - Are you currently using Python professionally, for education, or as a hobby?
+    - What is your process when you decide to start a project in Python?
+    - Have you ever been unable to finish a Python project? What is it and why?
+    - How often do you program in Python?
+    - How would you learn a new library if needed to do so?
+    - Have you ever worked with a microcontroller or anything physical with Python before?
+    - How good would you say you are at Python so far? Beginner, intermediate, or advanced?
+    - Have you ever tried making your own programming language?
+    - Has a recently discovered Python module changed your general use of Python?
 
 # algos-and-data-structs
 650401909852864553:
@@ -52,7 +65,7 @@
     - What unique features does your bot contain, if any?
     - What commands/features are you proud of making?
     - What feature would you be the most interested in making?
-    - What feature would you like to see added to the library? what feature in the library do you think is redundant?
+    - What feature would you like to see added to the library? What feature in the library do you think is redundant?
     - Do you think there's a way in which Discord could handle bots better?
     - What's one feature you wish more developers had in their bots?
 
diff --git a/bot/utils/exceptions.py b/bot/utils/exceptions.py
index 9e080759..bf0e5813 100644
--- a/bot/utils/exceptions.py
+++ b/bot/utils/exceptions.py
@@ -1,4 +1,17 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+
 class UserNotPlayingError(Exception):
     """Raised when users try to use game commands when they are not playing."""
 
     pass
+
+
+class APIError(Exception):
+    """Raised when an external API (eg. Wikipedia) returns an error response."""
+
+    def __init__(self, api: str, status_code: int, error_msg: Optional[str] = None):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.api = api
+        self.status_code = status_code
+        self.error_msg = error_msg
diff --git a/bot/utils/pagination.py b/bot/utils/pagination.py
index d9c0862a..b1062c09 100644
--- a/bot/utils/pagination.py
+++ b/bot/utils/pagination.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ PAGINATION_EMOJI = (FIRST_EMOJI, LEFT_EMOJI, RIGHT_EMOJI, LAST_EMOJI, DELETE_EMO
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-class EmptyPaginatorEmbed(Exception):
+class EmptyPaginatorEmbedError(Exception):
     """Base Exception class for an empty paginator embed."""
 
 
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ class LinePaginator(Paginator):
         if not lines:
             if exception_on_empty_embed:
                 log.exception("Pagination asked for empty lines iterable")
-                raise EmptyPaginatorEmbed("No lines to paginate")
+                raise EmptyPaginatorEmbedError("No lines to paginate")
 
             log.debug("No lines to add to paginator, adding '(nothing to display)' message")
             lines.append("(nothing to display)")
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ class ImagePaginator(Paginator):
         if not pages:
             if exception_on_empty_embed:
                 log.exception("Pagination asked for empty image list")
-                raise EmptyPaginatorEmbed("No images to paginate")
+                raise EmptyPaginatorEmbedError("No images to paginate")
 
             log.debug("No images to add to paginator, adding '(no images to display)' message")
             pages.append(("(no images to display)", ""))