Merge branch 'main' into bot-2231-enhancements

30 files changed, 655 insertions, 313 deletions

diff --git a/.github/workflows/lint-test.yml b/.github/workflows/lint-test.yml
index 2b3dd5b4f..a331659e6 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/lint-test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/lint-test.yml
@@ -33,57 +33,16 @@ jobs:
       REDDIT_SECRET: ham
       REDIS_PASSWORD: ''
 
-      # Configure pip to cache dependencies and do a user install
-      PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR: false
-      PIP_USER: 1
-
-      # Make sure package manager does not use virtualenv
-      POETRY_VIRTUALENVS_CREATE: false
-
-      # Specify explicit paths for python dependencies and the pre-commit
-      # environment so we know which directories to cache
-      POETRY_CACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.cache/py-user-base
-      PYTHONUSERBASE: ${{ github.workspace }}/.cache/py-user-base
-      PRE_COMMIT_HOME: ${{ github.workspace }}/.cache/pre-commit-cache
-
-      # See https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit/issues/2178#issuecomment-1002163763
-      # for why we set this.
-      SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS: stdlib
-
     steps:
-      - name: Add custom PYTHONUSERBASE to PATH
-        run: echo '${{ env.PYTHONUSERBASE }}/bin/' >> $GITHUB_PATH
-
       - name: Checkout repository
         uses: actions/checkout@v2
 
-      - name: Setup python
-        id: python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v2
-        with:
-          python-version: '3.10'
-
-      # This step caches our Python dependencies. To make sure we
-      # only restore a cache when the dependencies, the python version,
-      # the runner operating system, and the dependency location haven't
-      # changed, we create a cache key that is a composite of those states.
-      #
-      # Only when the context is exactly the same, we will restore the cache.
-      - name: Python Dependency Caching
-        uses: actions/cache@v2
-        id: python_cache
+      - name: Install Python Dependencies
+        uses: HassanAbouelela/actions/setup-python@setup-python_v1.3.1
         with:
-          path: ${{ env.PYTHONUSERBASE }}
-          key: "python-0-${{ runner.os }}-${{ env.PYTHONUSERBASE }}-\
-          ${{ steps.python.outputs.python-version }}-\
-          ${{ hashFiles('./pyproject.toml', './poetry.lock') }}"
-
-      # Install our dependencies if we did not restore a dependency cache
-      - name: Install dependencies using poetry
-        if: steps.python_cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: |
-          pip install poetry
-          poetry install
+          # Set dev=true to install flake8 extensions, which are dev dependencies
+          dev: true
+          python_version: '3.10'
 
       # Check all of our non-dev dependencies are compatible with the MIT license.
       # If you added a new dependencies that is being rejected,
@@ -94,17 +53,6 @@ jobs:
           pip-licenses --allow-only="$ALLOWED_LICENSE" \
             --package $(poetry export -f requirements.txt --without-hashes | sed "s/==.*//g" | tr "\n" " ")
 
-      # This step caches our pre-commit environment. To make sure we
-      # do create a new environment when our pre-commit setup changes,
-      # we create a cache key based on relevant factors.
-      - name: Pre-commit Environment Caching
-        uses: actions/cache@v2
-        with:
-          path: ${{ env.PRE_COMMIT_HOME }}
-          key: "precommit-0-${{ runner.os }}-${{ env.PRE_COMMIT_HOME }}-\
-          ${{ steps.python.outputs.python-version }}-\
-          ${{ hashFiles('./.pre-commit-config.yaml') }}"
-
       # We will not run `flake8` here, as we will use a separate flake8
       # action. As pre-commit does not support user installs, we set
       # PIP_USER=0 to not do a user install.
diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
index 5bb400658..205b66209 100644
--- a/Dockerfile
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -1,28 +1,16 @@
-FROM --platform=linux/amd64 python:3.10-slim
+FROM --platform=linux/amd64 ghcr.io/chrislovering/python-poetry-base:3.10-slim
 
-# Set pip to have no saved cache
-ENV PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=false \
-    POETRY_VIRTUALENVS_CREATE=false
-
-
-# Install poetry
-RUN pip install -U poetry
-
-# Create the working directory
-WORKDIR /bot
+# Define Git SHA build argument for sentry
+ARG git_sha="development"
+ENV GIT_SHA=$git_sha
 
 # Install project dependencies
+WORKDIR /bot
 COPY pyproject.toml poetry.lock ./
-RUN poetry install --no-dev
-
-# Define Git SHA build argument
-ARG git_sha="development"
-
-# Set Git SHA environment variable for Sentry
-ENV GIT_SHA=$git_sha
+RUN poetry install --without dev
 
 # Copy the source code in last to optimize rebuilding the image
 COPY . .
 
-ENTRYPOINT ["python3"]
-CMD ["-m", "bot"]
+ENTRYPOINT ["poetry"]
+CMD ["run", "python", "-m", "bot"]
diff --git a/bot/__main__.py b/bot/__main__.py
index e0d2e6ad5..02af2e9ef 100644
--- a/bot/__main__.py
+++ b/bot/__main__.py
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ async def _create_redis_session() -> RedisSession:
         max_connections=20,
         use_fakeredis=constants.Redis.use_fakeredis,
         global_namespace="bot",
+        decode_responses=True,
     )
     try:
         return await redis_session.connect()
diff --git a/bot/constants.py b/bot/constants.py
index db98e6f47..68a96876f 100644
--- a/bot/constants.py
+++ b/bot/constants.py
@@ -397,6 +397,7 @@ class Categories(metaclass=YAMLGetter):
     # 2021 Summer Code Jam
     summer_code_jam: int
 
+
 class Channels(metaclass=YAMLGetter):
     section = "guild"
     subsection = "channels"
diff --git a/bot/converters.py b/bot/converters.py
index 5800ea044..e97a25bdd 100644
--- a/bot/converters.py
+++ b/bot/converters.py
@@ -574,5 +574,6 @@ if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
     Infraction = t.Optional[dict]  # noqa: F811
 
 Expiry = t.Union[Duration, ISODateTime]
+DurationOrExpiry = t.Union[DurationDelta, ISODateTime]
 MemberOrUser = t.Union[discord.Member, discord.User]
 UnambiguousMemberOrUser = t.Union[UnambiguousMember, UnambiguousUser]
diff --git a/bot/exts/filters/filtering.py b/bot/exts/filters/filtering.py
index ca6ad0064..e4df0b1fd 100644
--- a/bot/exts/filters/filtering.py
+++ b/bot/exts/filters/filtering.py
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ class Filtering(Cog):
                             await context.invoke(
                                 context.command,
                                 msg.author,
-                                arrow.utcnow() + AUTO_BAN_DURATION,
+                                (arrow.utcnow() + AUTO_BAN_DURATION).datetime,
                                 reason=AUTO_BAN_REASON
                             )
 
diff --git a/bot/exts/help_channels/_channel.py b/bot/exts/help_channels/_channel.py
index d9cebf215..cfe774f4c 100644
--- a/bot/exts/help_channels/_channel.py
+++ b/bot/exts/help_channels/_channel.py
@@ -183,7 +183,8 @@ async def ensure_cached_claimant(channel: discord.TextChannel) -> None:
                 log.info("Hit the dormant message embed before finding a claimant in %s (%d).", channel, channel.id)
                 break
             # Only set the claimant if the first embed matches the claimed channel embed regex
-            if match := CLAIMED_BY_RE.match(message.embeds[0].description):
+            description = message.embeds[0].description
+            if (description is not None) and (match := CLAIMED_BY_RE.match(description)):
                 await _caches.claimants.set(channel.id, int(match.group("user_id")))
                 return
 
diff --git a/bot/exts/info/help.py b/bot/exts/info/help.py
index 282f8c97a..48f840e51 100644
--- a/bot/exts/info/help.py
+++ b/bot/exts/info/help.py
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ class CustomHelpCommand(HelpCommand):
         # Remove line breaks from docstrings, if not used to separate paragraphs.
         # Allow overriding this behaviour via putting \u2003 at the start of a line.
         formatted_doc = re.sub("(?<!\n)\n(?![\n\u2003])", " ", command.help)
-        command_details += f"*{formatted_doc or 'No details provided.'}*\n"
+        command_details += f"{formatted_doc or 'No details provided.'}\n"
         embed.description = command_details
 
         # If the help is invoked in the context of an error, don't show subcommand navigation.
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ class CustomHelpCommand(HelpCommand):
         for command in commands_:
             signature = f" {command.signature}" if command.signature else ""
             details.append(
-                f"\n**`{PREFIX}{command.qualified_name}{signature}`**\n*{command.short_doc or 'No details provided'}*"
+                f"\n**`{PREFIX}{command.qualified_name}{signature}`**\n{command.short_doc or 'No details provided'}"
             )
         if return_as_list:
             return details
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ class CustomHelpCommand(HelpCommand):
 
         embed = Embed()
         embed.set_author(name="Command Help", icon_url=constants.Icons.questionmark)
-        embed.description = f"**{cog.qualified_name}**\n*{cog.description}*"
+        embed.description = f"**{cog.qualified_name}**\n{cog.description}"
 
         command_details = self.get_commands_brief_details(commands_)
         if command_details:
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ class CustomHelpCommand(HelpCommand):
         filtered_commands = await self.filter_commands(all_commands, sort=True)
 
         command_detail_lines = self.get_commands_brief_details(filtered_commands, return_as_list=True)
-        description = f"**{category.name}**\n*{category.description}*"
+        description = f"**{category.name}**\n{category.description}"
 
         if command_detail_lines:
             description += "\n\n**Commands:**"
diff --git a/bot/exts/info/information.py b/bot/exts/info/information.py
index e7d17c971..2592e093d 100644
--- a/bot/exts/info/information.py
+++ b/bot/exts/info/information.py
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ import pprint
 import textwrap
 from collections import defaultdict
 from textwrap import shorten
-from typing import Any, DefaultDict, Mapping, Optional, Tuple, Union
+from typing import Any, DefaultDict, Mapping, Optional, Set, Tuple, Union
 
 import rapidfuzz
 from botcore.site_api import ResponseCodeError
 from discord import AllowedMentions, Colour, Embed, Guild, Message, Role
-from discord.ext.commands import BucketType, Cog, Context, Greedy, Paginator, command, group, has_any_role
+from discord.ext.commands import BucketType, Cog, Context, Paginator, command, group, has_any_role
 from discord.utils import escape_markdown
 
 from bot import constants
@@ -25,6 +25,12 @@ from bot.utils.members import get_or_fetch_member
 
 log = get_logger(__name__)
 
+DEFAULT_RULES_DESCRIPTION = (
+    "The rules and guidelines that apply to this community can be found on"
+    " our [rules page](https://www.pythondiscord.com/pages/rules). We expect"
+    " all members of the community to have read and understood these."
+)
+
 
 class Information(Cog):
     """A cog with commands for generating embeds with server info, such as server stats and user info."""
@@ -518,39 +524,60 @@ class Information(Cog):
         await self.send_raw_content(ctx, message, json=True)
 
     @command(aliases=("rule",))
-    async def rules(self, ctx: Context, rules: Greedy[int]) -> None:
-        """Provides a link to all rules or, if specified, displays specific rule(s)."""
-        rules_embed = Embed(title="Rules", color=Colour.og_blurple(), url="https://www.pythondiscord.com/pages/rules")
+    async def rules(self, ctx: Context, *args: Optional[str]) -> Optional[Set[int]]:
+        """
+        Provides a link to all rules or, if specified, displays specific rule(s).
 
-        if not rules:
-            # Rules were not submitted. Return the default description.
-            rules_embed.description = (
-                "The rules and guidelines that apply to this community can be found on"
-                " our [rules page](https://www.pythondiscord.com/pages/rules). We expect"
-                " all members of the community to have read and understood these."
-            )
+        It accepts either rule numbers or particular keywords that map to a particular rule.
+        Rule numbers and keywords can be sent in any order.
+        """
+        rules_embed = Embed(title="Rules", color=Colour.og_blurple(), url="https://www.pythondiscord.com/pages/rules")
+        keywords, rule_numbers = [], []
 
+        full_rules = await self.bot.api_client.get("rules", params={"link_format": "md"})
+        keyword_to_rule_number = dict()
+
+        for rule_number, (_, rule_keywords) in enumerate(full_rules, start=1):
+            for rule_keyword in rule_keywords:
+                keyword_to_rule_number[rule_keyword] = rule_number
+
+        for word in args:
+            try:
+                rule_numbers.append(int(word))
+            except ValueError:
+                if (kw := word.lower()) not in keyword_to_rule_number:
+                    break
+                keywords.append(kw)
+
+        if not rule_numbers and not keywords:
+            # Neither rules nor keywords were submitted. Return the default description.
+            rules_embed.description = DEFAULT_RULES_DESCRIPTION
             await ctx.send(embed=rules_embed)
             return
 
-        full_rules = await self.bot.api_client.get("rules", params={"link_format": "md"})
-
         # Remove duplicates and sort the rule indices
-        rules = sorted(set(rules))
+        rule_numbers = sorted(set(rule_numbers))
 
-        invalid = ", ".join(str(index) for index in rules if index < 1 or index > len(full_rules))
+        invalid = ", ".join(
+            str(rule_number) for rule_number in rule_numbers
+            if rule_number < 1 or rule_number > len(full_rules))
 
         if invalid:
             await ctx.send(shorten(":x: Invalid rule indices: " + invalid, 75, placeholder=" ..."))
             return
 
-        for rule in rules:
-            self.bot.stats.incr(f"rule_uses.{rule}")
+        final_rules = []
+        final_rule_numbers = {keyword_to_rule_number[keyword] for keyword in keywords}
+        final_rule_numbers.update(rule_numbers)
 
-        final_rules = tuple(f"**{pick}.** {full_rules[pick - 1]}" for pick in rules)
+        for rule_number in sorted(final_rule_numbers):
+            self.bot.stats.incr(f"rule_uses.{rule_number}")
+            final_rules.append(f"**{rule_number}.** {full_rules[rule_number - 1][0]}")
 
         await LinePaginator.paginate(final_rules, ctx, rules_embed, max_lines=3)
 
+        return final_rule_numbers
+
 
 async def setup(bot: Bot) -> None:
     """Load the Information cog."""
diff --git a/bot/exts/info/pypi.py b/bot/exts/info/pypi.py
index 2d387df3d..bac7d2389 100644
--- a/bot/exts/info/pypi.py
+++ b/bot/exts/info/pypi.py
@@ -54,11 +54,12 @@ class PyPi(Cog):
                     embed.url = info["package_url"]
                     embed.colour = next(PYPI_COLOURS)
 
-                    summary = escape_markdown(info["summary"])
+                    # Summary can be None if not provided by the package
+                    summary: str | None = info["summary"]
 
                     # Summary could be completely empty, or just whitespace.
                     if summary and not summary.isspace():
-                        embed.description = summary
+                        embed.description = escape_markdown(summary)
                     else:
                         embed.description = "No summary provided."
 
diff --git a/bot/exts/moderation/incidents.py b/bot/exts/moderation/incidents.py
index 155b123ca..1ddbe9857 100644
--- a/bot/exts/moderation/incidents.py
+++ b/bot/exts/moderation/incidents.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import asyncio
 import re
-from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
 from enum import Enum
 from typing import Optional
 
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from bot.bot import Bot
 from bot.constants import Channels, Colours, Emojis, Guild, Roles, Webhooks
 from bot.log import get_logger
 from bot.utils.messages import format_user, sub_clyde
+from bot.utils.time import TimestampFormats, discord_timestamp
 
 log = get_logger(__name__)
 
@@ -25,9 +26,9 @@ CRAWL_LIMIT = 50
 CRAWL_SLEEP = 2
 
 DISCORD_MESSAGE_LINK_RE = re.compile(
-    r"(https?:\/\/(?:(ptb|canary|www)\.)?discord(?:app)?\.com\/channels\/"
+    r"(https?://(?:(ptb|canary|www)\.)?discord(?:app)?\.com/channels/"
     r"[0-9]{15,20}"
-    r"\/[0-9]{15,20}\/[0-9]{15,20})"
+    r"/[0-9]{15,20}/[0-9]{15,20})"
 )
 
 
@@ -97,10 +98,20 @@ async def make_embed(incident: discord.Message, outcome: Signal, actioned_by: di
         colour = Colours.soft_red
         footer = f"Rejected by {actioned_by}"
 
+    reported_timestamp = discord_timestamp(incident.created_at)
+    relative_timestamp = discord_timestamp(incident.created_at, TimestampFormats.RELATIVE)
+    reported_on_msg = f"*Reported {reported_timestamp} ({relative_timestamp}).*"
+
+    # If the description will be too long (>4096 total characters), truncate the incident content
+    if len(incident.content) > (allowed_content_chars := 4096-len(reported_on_msg)-2):  # -2 for the newlines
+        description = incident.content[:allowed_content_chars-3] + f"...\n\n{reported_on_msg}"
+    else:
+        description = incident.content + f"\n\n{reported_on_msg}"
+
     embed = discord.Embed(
-        description=incident.content,
-        timestamp=datetime.utcnow(),
+        description=description,
         colour=colour,
+        timestamp=datetime.now(timezone.utc)
     )
     embed.set_footer(text=footer, icon_url=actioned_by.display_avatar.url)
 
@@ -381,7 +392,7 @@ class Incidents(Cog):
             webhook = await self.bot.fetch_webhook(Webhooks.incidents_archive)
             await webhook.send(
                 embed=embed,
-                username=sub_clyde(incident.author.name),
+                username=sub_clyde(incident.author.display_name),
                 avatar_url=incident.author.display_avatar.url,
                 file=attachment_file,
             )
diff --git a/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/_scheduler.py b/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/_scheduler.py
index c7f03b2e9..4c275a1f0 100644
--- a/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/_scheduler.py
+++ b/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/_scheduler.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import textwrap
 import typing as t
 from abc import abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable
 from gettext import ngettext
 
 import arrow
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ from discord.ext.commands import Context
 
 from bot import constants
 from bot.bot import Bot
-from bot.constants import Colours
+from bot.constants import Colours, Roles
 from bot.converters import MemberOrUser
 from bot.exts.moderation.infraction import _utils
 from bot.exts.moderation.modlog import ModLog
@@ -79,9 +80,14 @@ class InfractionScheduler:
     async def reapply_infraction(
         self,
         infraction: _utils.Infraction,
-        apply_coro: t.Optional[t.Awaitable]
+        action: t.Optional[Callable[[], Awaitable[None]]]
     ) -> None:
-        """Reapply an infraction if it's still active or deactivate it if less than 60 sec left."""
+        """
+        Reapply an infraction if it's still active or deactivate it if less than 60 sec left.
+
+        Note: The `action` provided is an async function rather than a coroutine
+        to prevent getting a RuntimeWarning if it is not used (e.g. in mocked tests).
+        """
         if infraction["expires_at"] is not None:
             # Calculate the time remaining, in seconds, for the mute.
             expiry = dateutil.parser.isoparse(infraction["expires_at"])
@@ -101,7 +107,7 @@ class InfractionScheduler:
 
         # Allowing mod log since this is a passive action that should be logged.
         try:
-            await apply_coro
+            await action()
         except discord.HTTPException as e:
             # When user joined and then right after this left again before action completed, this can't apply roles
             if e.code == 10007 or e.status == 404:
@@ -111,7 +117,7 @@ class InfractionScheduler:
             else:
                 log.exception(
                     f"Got unexpected HTTPException (HTTP {e.status}, Discord code {e.code})"
-                    f"when awaiting {infraction['type']} coroutine for {infraction['user']}."
+                    f"when running {infraction['type']} action for {infraction['user']}."
                 )
         else:
             log.info(f"Re-applied {infraction['type']} to user {infraction['user']} upon rejoining.")
@@ -121,24 +127,30 @@ class InfractionScheduler:
         ctx: Context,
         infraction: _utils.Infraction,
         user: MemberOrUser,
-        action_coro: t.Optional[t.Awaitable] = None,
+        action: t.Optional[Callable[[], Awaitable[None]]] = None,
         user_reason: t.Optional[str] = None,
         additional_info: str = "",
     ) -> bool:
         """
         Apply an infraction to the user, log the infraction, and optionally notify the user.
 
-        `action_coro`, if not provided, will result in the infraction not getting scheduled for deletion.
+        `action`, if not provided, will result in the infraction not getting scheduled for deletion.
         `user_reason`, if provided, will be sent to the user in place of the infraction reason.
         `additional_info` will be attached to the text field in the mod-log embed.
 
+        Note: The `action` provided is an async function rather than just a coroutine
+        to prevent getting a RuntimeWarning if it is not used (e.g. in mocked tests).
+
         Returns whether or not the infraction succeeded.
         """
         infr_type = infraction["type"]
         icon = _utils.INFRACTION_ICONS[infr_type][0]
         reason = infraction["reason"]
-        expiry = time.format_with_duration(infraction["expires_at"])
         id_ = infraction['id']
+        expiry = time.format_with_duration(
+            infraction["expires_at"],
+            infraction["last_applied"]
+        )
 
         if user_reason is None:
             user_reason = reason
@@ -189,15 +201,18 @@ class InfractionScheduler:
                 f"Infraction #{id_} actor is bot; including the reason in the confirmation message."
             )
             if reason:
-                end_msg = f" (reason: {textwrap.shorten(reason, width=1500, placeholder='...')})"
+                end_msg = (
+                    f" (reason: {textwrap.shorten(reason, width=1500, placeholder='...')})."
+                    f"\n\nThe <@&{Roles.moderators}> have been alerted for review"
+                )
 
         purge = infraction.get("purge", "")
 
         # Execute the necessary actions to apply the infraction on Discord.
-        if action_coro:
-            log.trace(f"Awaiting the infraction #{id_} application action coroutine.")
+        if action:
+            log.trace(f"Running the infraction #{id_} application action.")
             try:
-                await action_coro
+                await action()
                 if expiry:
                     # Schedule the expiration of the infraction.
                     self.schedule_expiration(infraction)
@@ -243,7 +258,8 @@ class InfractionScheduler:
 
         # Send a confirmation message to the invoking context.
         log.trace(f"Sending infraction #{id_} confirmation message.")
-        await ctx.send(f"{dm_result}{confirm_msg}{infr_message}.")
+        mentions = discord.AllowedMentions(users=[user], roles=False)
+        await ctx.send(f"{dm_result}{confirm_msg}{infr_message}.", allowed_mentions=mentions)
 
         # Send a log message to the mod log.
         # Don't use ctx.message.author for the actor; antispam only patches ctx.author.
@@ -271,6 +287,7 @@ class InfractionScheduler:
             ctx: Context,
             infr_type: str,
             user: MemberOrUser,
+            pardon_reason: t.Optional[str] = None,
             *,
             send_msg: bool = True,
             notify: bool = True
@@ -278,6 +295,9 @@ class InfractionScheduler:
         """
         Prematurely end an infraction for a user and log the action in the mod log.
 
+        If `pardon_reason` is None, then the database will not receive
+        appended text explaining why the infraction was pardoned.
+
         If `send_msg` is True, then a pardoning confirmation message will be sent to
         the context channel. Otherwise, no such message will be sent.
 
@@ -302,7 +322,7 @@ class InfractionScheduler:
             return
 
         # Deactivate the infraction and cancel its scheduled expiration task.
-        log_text = await self.deactivate_infraction(response[0], send_log=False, notify=notify)
+        log_text = await self.deactivate_infraction(response[0], pardon_reason, send_log=False, notify=notify)
 
         log_text["Member"] = messages.format_user(user)
         log_text["Actor"] = ctx.author.mention
@@ -355,6 +375,7 @@ class InfractionScheduler:
     async def deactivate_infraction(
         self,
         infraction: _utils.Infraction,
+        pardon_reason: t.Optional[str] = None,
         *,
         send_log: bool = True,
         notify: bool = True
@@ -363,8 +384,12 @@ class InfractionScheduler:
         Deactivate an active infraction and return a dictionary of lines to send in a mod log.
 
         The infraction is removed from Discord, marked as inactive in the database, and has its
-        expiration task cancelled. If `send_log` is True, a mod log is sent for the
-        deactivation of the infraction.
+        expiration task cancelled.
+
+        If `pardon_reason` is None, then the database will not receive
+        appended text explaining why the infraction was pardoned.
+
+        If `send_log` is True, a mod log is sent for the deactivation of the infraction.
 
         If `notify` is True, notify the user of the pardon via DM where applicable.
 
@@ -434,9 +459,20 @@ class InfractionScheduler:
         try:
             # Mark infraction as inactive in the database.
             log.trace(f"Marking infraction #{id_} as inactive in the database.")
+
+            data = {"active": False}
+
+            if pardon_reason is not None:
+                data["reason"] = ""
+                # Append pardon reason to infraction in database.
+                if (punish_reason := infraction["reason"]) is not None:
+                    data["reason"] = punish_reason + " | "
+
+                data["reason"] += f"Pardoned: {pardon_reason}"
+
             await self.bot.api_client.patch(
                 f"bot/infractions/{id_}",
-                json={"active": False}
+                json=data
             )
         except ResponseCodeError as e:
             log.exception(f"Failed to deactivate infraction #{id_} ({type_})")
diff --git a/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/_utils.py b/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/_utils.py
index 3a2485ec2..c03081b07 100644
--- a/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/_utils.py
+++ b/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/_utils.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import typing as t
-from datetime import datetime
 
 import arrow
 import discord
@@ -8,10 +7,11 @@ from discord.ext.commands import Context
 
 import bot
 from bot.constants import Colours, Icons
-from bot.converters import MemberOrUser
+from bot.converters import DurationOrExpiry, MemberOrUser
 from bot.errors import InvalidInfractedUserError
 from bot.log import get_logger
 from bot.utils import time
+from bot.utils.time import unpack_duration
 
 log = get_logger(__name__)
 
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ LONGEST_EXTRAS = max(len(INFRACTION_APPEAL_SERVER_FOOTER), len(INFRACTION_APPEAL
 
 INFRACTION_DESCRIPTION_TEMPLATE = (
     "**Type:** {type}\n"
-    "**Expires:** {expires}\n"
     "**Duration:** {duration}\n"
+    "**Expires:** {expires}\n"
     "**Reason:** {reason}\n"
 )
 
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ async def post_infraction(
         user: MemberOrUser,
         infr_type: str,
         reason: str,
-        expires_at: datetime = None,
+        duration_or_expiry: t.Optional[DurationOrExpiry] = None,
         hidden: bool = False,
         active: bool = True,
         dm_sent: bool = False,
@@ -92,6 +92,8 @@ async def post_infraction(
 
     log.trace(f"Posting {infr_type} infraction for {user} to the API.")
 
+    current_time = arrow.utcnow()
+
     payload = {
         "actor": ctx.author.id,  # Don't use ctx.message.author; antispam only patches ctx.author.
         "hidden": hidden,
@@ -99,10 +101,14 @@ async def post_infraction(
         "type": infr_type,
         "user": user.id,
         "active": active,
-        "dm_sent": dm_sent
+        "dm_sent": dm_sent,
+        "inserted_at": current_time.isoformat(),
+        "last_applied": current_time.isoformat(),
     }
-    if expires_at:
-        payload['expires_at'] = expires_at.isoformat()
+
+    if duration_or_expiry is not None:
+        _, expiry = unpack_duration(duration_or_expiry, current_time)
+        payload["expires_at"] = expiry.isoformat()
 
     # Try to apply the infraction. If it fails because the user doesn't exist, try to add it.
     for should_post_user in (True, False):
@@ -180,17 +186,17 @@ async def notify_infraction(
         expires_at = "Never"
         duration = "Permanent"
     else:
+        origin = arrow.get(infraction["last_applied"])
         expiry = arrow.get(infraction["expires_at"])
         expires_at = time.format_relative(expiry)
-        duration = time.humanize_delta(infraction["inserted_at"], expiry, max_units=2)
+        duration = time.humanize_delta(origin, expiry, max_units=2)
 
-        if infraction["active"]:
-            remaining = time.humanize_delta(expiry, arrow.utcnow(), max_units=2)
-            if duration != remaining:
-                duration += f" ({remaining} remaining)"
-        else:
+        if not infraction["active"]:
             expires_at += " (Inactive)"
 
+        if infraction["inserted_at"] != infraction["last_applied"]:
+            duration += " (Edited)"
+
     log.trace(f"Sending {user} a DM about their {infr_type} infraction.")
 
     if reason is None:
diff --git a/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/infractions.py b/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/infractions.py
index 46fd3381c..60b4428b7 100644
--- a/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/infractions.py
+++ b/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/infractions.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import textwrap
 import typing as t
 
+import arrow
 import discord
 from discord import Member
 from discord.ext import commands
@@ -9,8 +10,9 @@ from discord.ext.commands import Context, command
 from bot import constants
 from bot.bot import Bot
 from bot.constants import Event
-from bot.converters import Age, Duration, Expiry, MemberOrUser, UnambiguousMemberOrUser
+from bot.converters import Age, Duration, DurationOrExpiry, MemberOrUser, UnambiguousMemberOrUser
 from bot.decorators import ensure_future_timestamp, respect_role_hierarchy
+from bot.exts.filters.filtering import AUTO_BAN_DURATION, AUTO_BAN_REASON
 from bot.exts.moderation.infraction import _utils
 from bot.exts.moderation.infraction._scheduler import InfractionScheduler
 from bot.log import get_logger
@@ -52,8 +54,9 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
 
         if active_mutes:
             reason = f"Re-applying active mute: {active_mutes[0]['id']}"
-            action = member.add_roles(self._muted_role, reason=reason)
 
+            async def action() -> None:
+                await member.add_roles(self._muted_role, reason=reason)
             await self.reapply_infraction(active_mutes[0], action)
 
     # region: Permanent infractions
@@ -86,16 +89,18 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
         self,
         ctx: Context,
         user: UnambiguousMemberOrUser,
-        duration: t.Optional[Expiry] = None,
+        duration_or_expiry: t.Optional[DurationOrExpiry] = None,
         *,
         reason: t.Optional[str] = None
     ) -> None:
         """
-        Permanently ban a user for the given reason and stop watching them with Big Brother.
+        Permanently ban a `user` for the given `reason` and stop watching them with Big Brother.
 
-        If duration is specified, it temporarily bans that user for the given duration.
+        If a duration is specified, it temporarily bans the `user` for the given duration.
+        Alternatively, an ISO 8601 timestamp representing the expiry time can be provided
+        for `duration_or_expiry`.
         """
-        await self.apply_ban(ctx, user, reason, expires_at=duration)
+        await self.apply_ban(ctx, user, reason, duration_or_expiry=duration_or_expiry)
 
     @command(aliases=("cban", "purgeban", "pban"))
     @ensure_future_timestamp(timestamp_arg=3)
@@ -103,7 +108,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
         self,
         ctx: Context,
         user: UnambiguousMemberOrUser,
-        duration: t.Optional[Expiry] = None,
+        duration: t.Optional[DurationOrExpiry] = None,
         *,
         reason: t.Optional[str] = None
     ) -> None:
@@ -115,14 +120,12 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
         clean_cog: t.Optional[Clean] = self.bot.get_cog("Clean")
         if clean_cog is None:
             # If we can't get the clean cog, fall back to native purgeban.
-            await self.apply_ban(ctx, user, reason, purge_days=1, expires_at=duration)
+            await self.apply_ban(ctx, user, reason, purge_days=1, duration_or_expiry=duration)
             return
 
-        infraction = await self.apply_ban(ctx, user, reason, expires_at=duration)
+        infraction = await self.apply_ban(ctx, user, reason, duration_or_expiry=duration)
         if not infraction or not infraction.get("id"):
             # Ban was unsuccessful, quit early.
-            await ctx.send(":x: Failed to apply ban.")
-            log.error("Failed to apply ban to user %d", user.id)
             return
 
         # Calling commands directly skips discord.py's convertors, so we need to convert args manually.
@@ -151,6 +154,11 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
         ctx.send = send
         await infr_manage_cog.infraction_append(ctx, infraction, None, reason=f"[Clean log]({log_url})")
 
+    @command()
+    async def compban(self, ctx: Context, user: UnambiguousMemberOrUser) -> None:
+        """Same as cleanban, but specifically with the ban reason and duration used for compromised accounts."""
+        await self.cleanban(ctx, user, duration=(arrow.utcnow() + AUTO_BAN_DURATION).datetime, reason=AUTO_BAN_REASON)
+
     @command(aliases=("vban",))
     async def voiceban(self, ctx: Context) -> None:
         """
@@ -168,7 +176,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
         self,
         ctx: Context,
         user: UnambiguousMemberOrUser,
-        duration: t.Optional[Expiry] = None,
+        duration: t.Optional[DurationOrExpiry] = None,
         *,
         reason: t.Optional[str]
     ) -> None:
@@ -177,7 +185,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
 
         If duration is specified, it temporarily voice mutes that user for the given duration.
         """
-        await self.apply_voice_mute(ctx, user, reason, expires_at=duration)
+        await self.apply_voice_mute(ctx, user, reason, duration_or_expiry=duration)
 
     # endregion
     # region: Temporary infractions
@@ -187,7 +195,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
     async def tempmute(
         self, ctx: Context,
         user: UnambiguousMemberOrUser,
-        duration: t.Optional[Expiry] = None,
+        duration: t.Optional[DurationOrExpiry] = None,
         *,
         reason: t.Optional[str] = None
     ) -> None:
@@ -214,7 +222,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
 
         if duration is None:
             duration = await Duration().convert(ctx, "1h")
-        await self.apply_mute(ctx, user, reason, expires_at=duration)
+        await self.apply_mute(ctx, user, reason, duration_or_expiry=duration)
 
     @command(aliases=("tban",))
     @ensure_future_timestamp(timestamp_arg=3)
@@ -222,7 +230,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
         self,
         ctx: Context,
         user: UnambiguousMemberOrUser,
-        duration: Expiry,
+        duration_or_expiry: DurationOrExpiry,
         *,
         reason: t.Optional[str] = None
     ) -> None:
@@ -241,7 +249,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
 
         Alternatively, an ISO 8601 timestamp can be provided for the duration.
         """
-        await self.apply_ban(ctx, user, reason, expires_at=duration)
+        await self.apply_ban(ctx, user, reason, duration_or_expiry=duration_or_expiry)
 
     @command(aliases=("tempvban", "tvban"))
     async def tempvoiceban(self, ctx: Context) -> None:
@@ -258,7 +266,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
         self,
         ctx: Context,
         user: UnambiguousMemberOrUser,
-        duration: Expiry,
+        duration: DurationOrExpiry,
         *,
         reason: t.Optional[str]
     ) -> None:
@@ -277,7 +285,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
 
         Alternatively, an ISO 8601 timestamp can be provided for the duration.
         """
-        await self.apply_voice_mute(ctx, user, reason, expires_at=duration)
+        await self.apply_voice_mute(ctx, user, reason, duration_or_expiry=duration)
 
     # endregion
     # region: Permanent shadow infractions
@@ -305,7 +313,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
         self,
         ctx: Context,
         user: UnambiguousMemberOrUser,
-        duration: Expiry,
+        duration: DurationOrExpiry,
         *,
         reason: t.Optional[str] = None
     ) -> None:
@@ -324,20 +332,26 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
 
         Alternatively, an ISO 8601 timestamp can be provided for the duration.
         """
-        await self.apply_ban(ctx, user, reason, expires_at=duration, hidden=True)
+        await self.apply_ban(ctx, user, reason, duration_or_expiry=duration, hidden=True)
 
     # endregion
     # region: Remove infractions (un- commands)
 
     @command()
-    async def unmute(self, ctx: Context, user: UnambiguousMemberOrUser) -> None:
+    async def unmute(
+        self,
+        ctx: Context,
+        user: UnambiguousMemberOrUser,
+        *,
+        pardon_reason: t.Optional[str] = None
+    ) -> None:
         """Prematurely end the active mute infraction for the user."""
-        await self.pardon_infraction(ctx, "mute", user)
+        await self.pardon_infraction(ctx, "mute", user, pardon_reason)
 
     @command()
-    async def unban(self, ctx: Context, user: UnambiguousMemberOrUser) -> None:
+    async def unban(self, ctx: Context, user: UnambiguousMemberOrUser, *, pardon_reason: str) -> None:
         """Prematurely end the active ban infraction for the user."""
-        await self.pardon_infraction(ctx, "ban", user)
+        await self.pardon_infraction(ctx, "ban", user, pardon_reason)
 
     @command(aliases=("uvban",))
     async def unvoiceban(self, ctx: Context) -> None:
@@ -349,9 +363,15 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
         await ctx.send(":x: This command is not yet implemented. Maybe you meant to use `unvoicemute`?")
 
     @command(aliases=("uvmute",))
-    async def unvoicemute(self, ctx: Context, user: UnambiguousMemberOrUser) -> None:
+    async def unvoicemute(
+        self,
+        ctx: Context,
+        user: UnambiguousMemberOrUser,
+        *,
+        pardon_reason: t.Optional[str] = None
+    ) -> None:
         """Prematurely end the active voice mute infraction for the user."""
-        await self.pardon_infraction(ctx, "voice_mute", user)
+        await self.pardon_infraction(ctx, "voice_mute", user, pardon_reason)
 
     # endregion
     # region: Base apply functions
@@ -388,7 +408,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
             log.trace(f"Attempting to kick {user} from voice because they've been muted.")
             await user.move_to(None, reason=reason)
 
-        await self.apply_infraction(ctx, infraction, user, action())
+        await self.apply_infraction(ctx, infraction, user, action)
 
     @respect_role_hierarchy(member_arg=2)
     async def apply_kick(self, ctx: Context, user: Member, reason: t.Optional[str], **kwargs) -> None:
@@ -406,7 +426,9 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
         if reason:
             reason = textwrap.shorten(reason, width=512, placeholder="...")
 
-        action = user.kick(reason=reason)
+        async def action() -> None:
+            await user.kick(reason=reason)
+
         await self.apply_infraction(ctx, infraction, user, action)
 
     @respect_role_hierarchy(member_arg=2)
@@ -428,7 +450,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
             return None
 
         # In the case of a permanent ban, we don't need get_active_infractions to tell us if one is active
-        is_temporary = kwargs.get("expires_at") is not None
+        is_temporary = kwargs.get("duration_or_expiry") is not None
         active_infraction = await _utils.get_active_infraction(ctx, user, "ban", is_temporary)
 
         if active_infraction:
@@ -436,7 +458,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
                 log.trace("Tempban ignored as it cannot overwrite an active ban.")
                 return None
 
-            if active_infraction.get('expires_at') is None:
+            if active_infraction.get("duration_or_expiry") is None:
                 log.trace("Permaban already exists, notify.")
                 await ctx.send(f":x: User is already permanently banned (#{active_infraction['id']}).")
                 return None
@@ -455,7 +477,9 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
         if reason:
             reason = textwrap.shorten(reason, width=512, placeholder="...")
 
-        action = ctx.guild.ban(user, reason=reason, delete_message_days=purge_days)
+        async def action() -> None:
+            await ctx.guild.ban(user, reason=reason, delete_message_days=purge_days)
+
         await self.apply_infraction(ctx, infraction, user, action)
 
         bb_cog: t.Optional[BigBrother] = self.bot.get_cog("Big Brother")
@@ -493,7 +517,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
             await user.move_to(None, reason="Disconnected from voice to apply voice mute.")
             await user.remove_roles(self._voice_verified_role, reason=reason)
 
-        await self.apply_infraction(ctx, infraction, user, action())
+        await self.apply_infraction(ctx, infraction, user, action)
 
     # endregion
     # region: Base pardon functions
diff --git a/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/management.py b/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/management.py
index a7d7a844a..6ef382119 100644
--- a/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/management.py
+++ b/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/management.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import re
 import textwrap
 import typing as t
 
+import arrow
 import discord
 from discord.ext import commands
 from discord.ext.commands import Context
@@ -9,7 +10,7 @@ from discord.utils import escape_markdown
 
 from bot import constants
 from bot.bot import Bot
-from bot.converters import Expiry, Infraction, MemberOrUser, Snowflake, UnambiguousUser
+from bot.converters import DurationOrExpiry, Infraction, MemberOrUser, Snowflake, UnambiguousUser
 from bot.decorators import ensure_future_timestamp
 from bot.errors import InvalidInfraction
 from bot.exts.moderation.infraction import _utils
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ from bot.pagination import LinePaginator
 from bot.utils import messages, time
 from bot.utils.channel import is_mod_channel
 from bot.utils.members import get_or_fetch_member
+from bot.utils.time import unpack_duration
 
 log = get_logger(__name__)
 
@@ -89,7 +91,7 @@ class ModManagement(commands.Cog):
         self,
         ctx: Context,
         infraction: Infraction,
-        duration: t.Union[Expiry, t.Literal["p", "permanent"], None],
+        duration: t.Union[DurationOrExpiry, t.Literal["p", "permanent"], None],
         *,
         reason: str = None
     ) -> None:
@@ -129,7 +131,7 @@ class ModManagement(commands.Cog):
         self,
         ctx: Context,
         infraction: Infraction,
-        duration: t.Union[Expiry, t.Literal["p", "permanent"], None],
+        duration: t.Union[DurationOrExpiry, t.Literal["p", "permanent"], None],
         *,
         reason: str = None
     ) -> None:
@@ -172,8 +174,11 @@ class ModManagement(commands.Cog):
             request_data['expires_at'] = None
             confirm_messages.append("marked as permanent")
         elif duration is not None:
-            request_data['expires_at'] = duration.isoformat()
-            expiry = time.format_with_duration(duration)
+            origin, expiry = unpack_duration(duration)
+            # Update `last_applied` if expiry changes.
+            request_data['last_applied'] = origin.isoformat()
+            request_data['expires_at'] = expiry.isoformat()
+            expiry = time.format_with_duration(expiry, origin)
             confirm_messages.append(f"set to expire on {expiry}")
         else:
             confirm_messages.append("expiry unchanged")
@@ -380,7 +385,10 @@ class ModManagement(commands.Cog):
         user = infraction["user"]
         expires_at = infraction["expires_at"]
         inserted_at = infraction["inserted_at"]
+        last_applied = infraction["last_applied"]
         created = time.discord_timestamp(inserted_at)
+        applied = time.discord_timestamp(last_applied)
+        duration_edited = arrow.get(last_applied) > arrow.get(inserted_at)
         dm_sent = infraction["dm_sent"]
 
         # Format the user string.
@@ -400,7 +408,11 @@ class ModManagement(commands.Cog):
         if expires_at is None:
             duration = "*Permanent*"
         else:
-            duration = time.humanize_delta(inserted_at, expires_at)
+            duration = time.humanize_delta(last_applied, expires_at)
+
+        # Notice if infraction expiry was edited.
+        if duration_edited:
+            duration += f" (edited {applied})"
 
         # Format `dm_sent`
         if dm_sent is None:
diff --git a/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/superstarify.py b/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/superstarify.py
index 0e6aaa1e7..6cb2c3354 100644
--- a/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/superstarify.py
+++ b/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/superstarify.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from discord.utils import escape_markdown
 
 from bot import constants
 from bot.bot import Bot
-from bot.converters import Duration, Expiry
+from bot.converters import Duration, DurationOrExpiry
 from bot.decorators import ensure_future_timestamp
 from bot.exts.moderation.infraction import _utils
 from bot.exts.moderation.infraction._scheduler import InfractionScheduler
@@ -96,11 +96,12 @@ class Superstarify(InfractionScheduler, Cog):
 
         if active_superstarifies:
             infraction = active_superstarifies[0]
-            action = member.edit(
-                nick=self.get_nick(infraction["id"], member.id),
-                reason=f"Superstarified member tried to escape the prison: {infraction['id']}"
-            )
 
+            async def action() -> None:
+                await member.edit(
+                    nick=self.get_nick(infraction["id"], member.id),
+                    reason=f"Superstarified member tried to escape the prison: {infraction['id']}"
+                )
             await self.reapply_infraction(infraction, action)
 
     @command(name="superstarify", aliases=("force_nick", "star", "starify", "superstar"))
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ class Superstarify(InfractionScheduler, Cog):
         self,
         ctx: Context,
         member: Member,
-        duration: t.Optional[Expiry],
+        duration: t.Optional[DurationOrExpiry],
         *,
         reason: str = '',
     ) -> None:
@@ -175,7 +176,7 @@ class Superstarify(InfractionScheduler, Cog):
         ).format
 
         successful = await self.apply_infraction(
-            ctx, infraction, member, action(),
+            ctx, infraction, member, action,
             user_reason=user_message(reason=f'**Additional details:** {reason}\n\n' if reason else ''),
             additional_info=nickname_info
         )
diff --git a/bot/exts/moderation/modlog.py b/bot/exts/moderation/modlog.py
index 67991730e..efa87ce25 100644
--- a/bot/exts/moderation/modlog.py
+++ b/bot/exts/moderation/modlog.py
@@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ class ModLog(Cog, name="ModLog"):
         channel = self.bot.get_channel(channel_id)
 
         # Ignore not found channels, DMs, and messages outside of the main guild.
-        if not channel or not hasattr(channel, "guild") or channel.guild.id != GuildConstant.id:
+        if not channel or channel.guild is None or channel.guild.id != GuildConstant.id:
             return True
 
         # Look at the parent channel of a thread.
diff --git a/bot/exts/utils/reminders.py b/bot/exts/utils/reminders.py
index a7bcc7dae..803e2ea52 100644
--- a/bot/exts/utils/reminders.py
+++ b/bot/exts/utils/reminders.py
@@ -213,6 +213,29 @@ class Reminders(Cog):
         log.debug(f"Deleting reminder #{reminder['id']} (the user has been reminded).")
         await self.bot.api_client.delete(f"bot/reminders/{reminder['id']}")
 
+    @staticmethod
+    async def try_get_content_from_reply(ctx: Context) -> t.Optional[str]:
+        """
+        Attempts to get content from the referenced message, if applicable.
+
+        Differs from botcore.utils.commands.clean_text_or_reply as allows for messages with no content.
+        """
+        content = None
+        if reference := ctx.message.reference:
+            if isinstance((resolved_message := reference.resolved), discord.Message):
+                content = resolved_message.content
+
+        # If we weren't able to get the content of a replied message
+        if content is None:
+            await send_denial(ctx, "Your reminder must have a content and/or reply to a message.")
+            return
+
+        # If the replied message has no content (e.g. only attachments/embeds)
+        if content == "":
+            content = "*See referenced message.*"
+
+        return content
+
     @group(name="remind", aliases=("reminder", "reminders", "remindme"), invoke_without_command=True)
     async def remind_group(
         self, ctx: Context, mentions: Greedy[ReminderMention], expiration: Duration, *, content: t.Optional[str] = None
@@ -286,18 +309,11 @@ class Reminders(Cog):
 
         # If `content` isn't provided then we try to get message content of a replied message
         if not content:
-            if reference := ctx.message.reference:
-                if isinstance((resolved_message := reference.resolved), discord.Message):
-                    content = resolved_message.content
-            # If we weren't able to get the content of a replied message
-            if content is None:
-                await send_denial(ctx, "Your reminder must have a content and/or reply to a message.")
+            content = await self.try_get_content_from_reply(ctx)
+            if not content:
+                # Couldn't get content from reply
                 return
 
-            # If the replied message has no content (e.g. only attachments/embeds)
-            if content == "":
-                content = "See referenced message."
-
         # Now we can attempt to actually set the reminder.
         reminder = await self.bot.api_client.post(
             'bot/reminders',
@@ -385,20 +401,7 @@ class Reminders(Cog):
 
     @remind_group.group(name="edit", aliases=("change", "modify"), invoke_without_command=True)
     async def edit_reminder_group(self, ctx: Context) -> None:
-        """
-        Commands for modifying your current reminders.
-
-        The `expiration` duration supports the following symbols for each unit of time:
-        - years: `Y`, `y`, `year`, `years`
-        - months: `m`, `month`, `months`
-        - weeks: `w`, `W`, `week`, `weeks`
-        - days: `d`, `D`, `day`, `days`
-        - hours: `H`, `h`, `hour`, `hours`
-        - minutes: `M`, `minute`, `minutes`
-        - seconds: `S`, `s`, `second`, `seconds`
-
-        For example, to edit a reminder to expire in 3 days and 1 minute, you can do `!remind edit duration 1234 3d1M`.
-        """
+        """Commands for modifying your current reminders."""
         await ctx.send_help(ctx.command)
 
     @edit_reminder_group.command(name="duration", aliases=("time",))
@@ -420,8 +423,17 @@ class Reminders(Cog):
         await self.edit_reminder(ctx, id_, {'expiration': expiration.isoformat()})
 
     @edit_reminder_group.command(name="content", aliases=("reason",))
-    async def edit_reminder_content(self, ctx: Context, id_: int, *, content: str) -> None:
-        """Edit one of your reminder's content."""
+    async def edit_reminder_content(self, ctx: Context, id_: int, *, content: t.Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Edit one of your reminder's content.
+
+        You can either supply the new content yourself, or reply to a message to use its content.
+        """
+        if not content:
+            content = await self.try_get_content_from_reply(ctx)
+            if not content:
+                # Message doesn't have a reply to get content from
+                return
         await self.edit_reminder(ctx, id_, {"content": content})
 
     @edit_reminder_group.command(name="mentions", aliases=("pings",))
diff --git a/bot/pagination.py b/bot/pagination.py
index 8f4353eb1..10bef1c9f 100644
--- a/bot/pagination.py
+++ b/bot/pagination.py
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ class LinePaginator(Paginator):
                 raise EmptyPaginatorEmbedError("No lines to paginate")
 
             log.debug("No lines to add to paginator, adding '(nothing to display)' message")
-            lines.append("(nothing to display)")
+            lines.append("*(nothing to display)*")
 
         for line in lines:
             try:
diff --git a/bot/rules/mentions.py b/bot/rules/mentions.py
index 6f5addad1..ca1d0c01c 100644
--- a/bot/rules/mentions.py
+++ b/bot/rules/mentions.py
@@ -1,23 +1,65 @@
 from typing import Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple
 
-from discord import Member, Message
+from discord import DeletedReferencedMessage, Member, Message, MessageType, NotFound
+
+import bot
+from bot.log import get_logger
+
+log = get_logger(__name__)
 
 
 async def apply(
     last_message: Message, recent_messages: List[Message], config: Dict[str, int]
 ) -> Optional[Tuple[str, Iterable[Member], Iterable[Message]]]:
-    """Detects total mentions exceeding the limit sent by a single user."""
+    """
+    Detects total mentions exceeding the limit sent by a single user.
+
+    Excludes mentions that are bots, themselves, or replied users.
+
+    In very rare cases, may not be able to determine a
+    mention was to a reply, in which case it is not ignored.
+    """
     relevant_messages = tuple(
         msg
         for msg in recent_messages
         if msg.author == last_message.author
     )
+    # We use `msg.mentions` here as that is supplied by the api itself, to determine who was mentioned.
+    # Additionally, `msg.mentions` includes the user replied to, even if the mention doesn't occur in the body.
+    # In order to exclude users who are mentioned as a reply, we check if the msg has a reference
+    #
+    # While we could use regex to parse the message content, and get a list of
+    # the mentions, that solution is very prone to breaking.
+    # We would need to deal with codeblocks, escaping markdown, and any discrepancies between
+    # our implementation and discord's markdown parser which would cause false positives or false negatives.
+    total_recent_mentions = 0
+    for msg in relevant_messages:
+        # We check if the message is a reply, and if it is try to get the author
+        # since we ignore mentions of a user that we're replying to
+        reply_author = None
 
-    total_recent_mentions = sum(
-        not user.bot
-        for msg in relevant_messages
-        for user in msg.mentions
-    )
+        if msg.type == MessageType.reply:
+            ref = msg.reference
+
+            if not (resolved := ref.resolved):
+                # It is possible, in a very unusual situation, for a message to have a reference
+                # that is both not in the cache, and deleted while running this function.
+                # In such a situation, this will throw an error which we catch.
+                try:
+                    resolved = await bot.instance.get_partial_messageable(resolved.channel_id).fetch_message(
+                        resolved.message_id
+                    )
+                except NotFound:
+                    log.info('Could not fetch the reference message as it has been deleted.')
+
+            if resolved and not isinstance(resolved, DeletedReferencedMessage):
+                reply_author = resolved.author
+
+        for user in msg.mentions:
+            # Don't count bot or self mentions, or the user being replied to (if applicable)
+            if user.bot or user in {msg.author, reply_author}:
+                continue
+            total_recent_mentions += 1
 
     if total_recent_mentions > config['max']:
         return (
diff --git a/bot/utils/time.py b/bot/utils/time.py
index a0379c3ef..820ac2929 100644
--- a/bot/utils/time.py
+++ b/bot/utils/time.py
@@ -1,12 +1,18 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import datetime
 import re
+from copy import copy
 from enum import Enum
 from time import struct_time
-from typing import Literal, Optional, Union, overload
+from typing import Literal, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Union, overload
 
 import arrow
 from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from bot.converters import DurationOrExpiry
+
 _DURATION_REGEX = re.compile(
     r"((?P<years>\d+?) ?(years|year|Y|y) ?)?"
     r"((?P<months>\d+?) ?(months|month|m) ?)?"
@@ -194,8 +200,8 @@ def humanize_delta(
     elif len(args) <= 2:
         end = arrow.get(args[0])
         start = arrow.get(args[1]) if len(args) == 2 else arrow.utcnow()
+        delta = round_delta(relativedelta(end.datetime, start.datetime))
 
-        delta = relativedelta(end.datetime, start.datetime)
         if absolute:
             delta = abs(delta)
     else:
@@ -326,3 +332,37 @@ def until_expiration(expiry: Optional[Timestamp]) -> str:
         return "Expired"
 
     return format_relative(expiry)
+
+
+def unpack_duration(
+        duration_or_expiry: DurationOrExpiry,
+        origin: Optional[Union[datetime.datetime, arrow.Arrow]] = None
+) -> tuple[datetime.datetime, datetime.datetime]:
+    """
+    Unpacks a DurationOrExpiry into a tuple of (origin, expiry).
+
+    The `origin` defaults to the current UTC time at function call.
+    """
+    if origin is None:
+        origin = datetime.datetime.now(tz=datetime.timezone.utc)
+
+    if isinstance(origin, arrow.Arrow):
+        origin = origin.datetime
+
+    if isinstance(duration_or_expiry, relativedelta):
+        return origin, origin + duration_or_expiry
+    else:
+        return origin, duration_or_expiry
+
+
+def round_delta(delta: relativedelta) -> relativedelta:
+    """
+    Rounds `delta` to the nearest second.
+
+    Returns a copy with microsecond values of 0.
+    """
+    delta = copy(delta)
+    if delta.microseconds >= 500000:
+        delta += relativedelta(seconds=1)
+    delta.microseconds = 0
+    return delta
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 43eb799b6..36c3b5392 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -85,3 +85,9 @@ case_sensitive = true
 combine_as_imports = true
 line_length = 120
 atomic = true
+
+[tool.pytest.ini_options]
+# We don't use nose style tests so disable them in pytest.
+# This stops pytest from running functions named `setup` in test files.
+# See https://github.com/python-discord/bot/pull/2229#issuecomment-1204436420
+addopts = "-p no:nose"
diff --git a/tests/bot/exts/info/test_information.py b/tests/bot/exts/info/test_information.py
index d896b7652..9f5143c01 100644
--- a/tests/bot/exts/info/test_information.py
+++ b/tests/bot/exts/info/test_information.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import textwrap
 import unittest
 import unittest.mock
 from datetime import datetime
+from textwrap import shorten
 
 import discord
 
@@ -573,3 +574,76 @@ class UserCommandTests(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
 
         create_embed.assert_called_once_with(ctx, self.target, False)
         ctx.send.assert_called_once()
+
+
+class RuleCommandTests(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
+    """Tests for the `!rule` command."""
+
+    def setUp(self) -> None:
+        """Set up steps executed before each test is run."""
+        self.bot = helpers.MockBot()
+        self.cog = information.Information(self.bot)
+        self.ctx = helpers.MockContext(author=helpers.MockMember(id=1, name="Bellaluma"))
+        self.full_rules = [
+            (
+                "First rule",
+                ["first", "number_one"]
+            ),
+            (
+                "Second rule",
+                ["second", "number_two"]
+            ),
+            (
+                "Third rule",
+                ["third", "number_three"]
+            )
+        ]
+        self.bot.api_client.get.return_value = self.full_rules
+
+    async def test_return_none_if_one_rule_number_is_invalid(self):
+
+        test_cases = [
+            (('1', '6', '7', '8'), (6, 7, 8)),
+            (('10', "first"), (10, )),
+            (("first", 10), (10, ))
+        ]
+
+        for raw_user_input, extracted_rule_numbers in test_cases:
+            with self.subTest(identifier=raw_user_input):
+                invalid = ", ".join(
+                    str(rule_number) for rule_number in extracted_rule_numbers
+                    if rule_number < 1 or rule_number > len(self.full_rules))
+
+                final_rule_numbers = await self.cog.rules(self.cog, self.ctx, *raw_user_input)
+
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    self.ctx.send.call_args,
+                    unittest.mock.call(shorten(":x: Invalid rule indices: " + invalid, 75, placeholder=" ...")))
+                self.assertEqual(None, final_rule_numbers)
+
+    async def test_return_correct_rule_numbers(self):
+
+        test_cases = [
+            (("1", "2", "first"), {1, 2}),
+            (("1", "hello", "2", "second"), {1}),
+            (("second", "third", "unknown", "999"), {2, 3})
+        ]
+
+        for raw_user_input, expected_matched_rule_numbers in test_cases:
+            with self.subTest(identifier=raw_user_input):
+                final_rule_numbers = await self.cog.rules(self.cog, self.ctx, *raw_user_input)
+                self.assertEqual(expected_matched_rule_numbers, final_rule_numbers)
+
+    async def test_return_default_rules_when_no_input_or_no_match_are_found(self):
+        test_cases = [
+            ((), None),
+            (("hello", "2", "second"), None),
+            (("hello", "999"), None),
+        ]
+
+        for raw_user_input, expected_matched_rule_numbers in test_cases:
+            with self.subTest(identifier=raw_user_input):
+                final_rule_numbers = await self.cog.rules(self.cog, self.ctx, *raw_user_input)
+                embed = self.ctx.send.call_args.kwargs['embed']
+                self.assertEqual(information.DEFAULT_RULES_DESCRIPTION, embed.description)
+                self.assertEqual(expected_matched_rule_numbers, final_rule_numbers)
diff --git a/tests/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/test_infractions.py b/tests/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/test_infractions.py
index 052048053..b78328137 100644
--- a/tests/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/test_infractions.py
+++ b/tests/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/test_infractions.py
@@ -35,17 +35,20 @@ class TruncationTests(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
         self.cog.apply_infraction = AsyncMock()
         self.bot.get_cog.return_value = AsyncMock()
         self.cog.mod_log.ignore = Mock()
-        self.ctx.guild.ban = Mock()
+        self.ctx.guild.ban = AsyncMock()
 
         await self.cog.apply_ban(self.ctx, self.target, "foo bar" * 3000)
-        self.ctx.guild.ban.assert_called_once_with(
+        self.cog.apply_infraction.assert_awaited_once_with(
+            self.ctx, {"foo": "bar", "purge": ""}, self.target, ANY
+        )
+
+        action = self.cog.apply_infraction.call_args.args[-1]
+        await action()
+        self.ctx.guild.ban.assert_awaited_once_with(
             self.target,
             reason=textwrap.shorten("foo bar" * 3000, 512, placeholder="..."),
             delete_message_days=0
         )
-        self.cog.apply_infraction.assert_awaited_once_with(
-            self.ctx, {"foo": "bar", "purge": ""}, self.target, self.ctx.guild.ban.return_value
-        )
 
     @patch("bot.exts.moderation.infraction._utils.post_infraction")
     async def test_apply_kick_reason_truncation(self, post_infraction_mock):
@@ -54,14 +57,17 @@ class TruncationTests(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
 
         self.cog.apply_infraction = AsyncMock()
         self.cog.mod_log.ignore = Mock()
-        self.target.kick = Mock()
+        self.target.kick = AsyncMock()
 
         await self.cog.apply_kick(self.ctx, self.target, "foo bar" * 3000)
-        self.target.kick.assert_called_once_with(reason=textwrap.shorten("foo bar" * 3000, 512, placeholder="..."))
         self.cog.apply_infraction.assert_awaited_once_with(
-            self.ctx, {"foo": "bar"}, self.target, self.target.kick.return_value
+            self.ctx, {"foo": "bar"}, self.target, ANY
         )
 
+        action = self.cog.apply_infraction.call_args.args[-1]
+        await action()
+        self.target.kick.assert_awaited_once_with(reason=textwrap.shorten("foo bar" * 3000, 512, placeholder="..."))
+
 
 @patch("bot.exts.moderation.infraction.infractions.constants.Roles.voice_verified", new=123456)
 class VoiceMuteTests(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
@@ -79,19 +85,25 @@ class VoiceMuteTests(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
         """Should call voice mute applying function without expiry."""
         self.cog.apply_voice_mute = AsyncMock()
         self.assertIsNone(await self.cog.voicemute(self.cog, self.ctx, self.user, reason="foobar"))
-        self.cog.apply_voice_mute.assert_awaited_once_with(self.ctx, self.user, "foobar", expires_at=None)
+        self.cog.apply_voice_mute.assert_awaited_once_with(self.ctx, self.user, "foobar", duration_or_expiry=None)
 
     async def test_temporary_voice_mute(self):
         """Should call voice mute applying function with expiry."""
         self.cog.apply_voice_mute = AsyncMock()
         self.assertIsNone(await self.cog.tempvoicemute(self.cog, self.ctx, self.user, "baz", reason="foobar"))
-        self.cog.apply_voice_mute.assert_awaited_once_with(self.ctx, self.user, "foobar", expires_at="baz")
+        self.cog.apply_voice_mute.assert_awaited_once_with(self.ctx, self.user, "foobar", duration_or_expiry="baz")
 
     async def test_voice_unmute(self):
         """Should call infraction pardoning function."""
         self.cog.pardon_infraction = AsyncMock()
+        self.assertIsNone(await self.cog.unvoicemute(self.cog, self.ctx, self.user, pardon_reason="foobar"))
+        self.cog.pardon_infraction.assert_awaited_once_with(self.ctx, "voice_mute", self.user, "foobar")
+
+    async def test_voice_unmute_reasonless(self):
+        """Should call infraction pardoning function without a pardon reason."""
+        self.cog.pardon_infraction = AsyncMock()
         self.assertIsNone(await self.cog.unvoicemute(self.cog, self.ctx, self.user))
-        self.cog.pardon_infraction.assert_awaited_once_with(self.ctx, "voice_mute", self.user)
+        self.cog.pardon_infraction.assert_awaited_once_with(self.ctx, "voice_mute", self.user, None)
 
     @patch("bot.exts.moderation.infraction.infractions._utils.post_infraction")
     @patch("bot.exts.moderation.infraction.infractions._utils.get_active_infraction")
@@ -141,8 +153,8 @@ class VoiceMuteTests(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
 
     async def action_tester(self, action, reason: str) -> None:
         """Helper method to test voice mute action."""
-        self.assertTrue(inspect.iscoroutine(action))
-        await action
+        self.assertTrue(inspect.iscoroutinefunction(action))
+        await action()
 
         self.user.move_to.assert_called_once_with(None, reason=ANY)
         self.user.remove_roles.assert_called_once_with(self.cog._voice_verified_role, reason=reason)
@@ -189,13 +201,14 @@ class VoiceMuteTests(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
 
         user = MockUser()
         await self.cog.voicemute(self.cog, self.ctx, user, reason=None)
-        post_infraction_mock.assert_called_once_with(self.ctx, user, "voice_mute", None, active=True, expires_at=None)
+        post_infraction_mock.assert_called_once_with(self.ctx, user, "voice_mute", None, active=True,
+                                                     duration_or_expiry=None)
         apply_infraction_mock.assert_called_once_with(self.cog, self.ctx, infraction, user, ANY)
 
         # Test action
         action = self.cog.apply_infraction.call_args[0][-1]
-        self.assertTrue(inspect.iscoroutine(action))
-        await action
+        self.assertTrue(inspect.iscoroutinefunction(action))
+        await action()
 
     async def test_voice_unmute_user_not_found(self):
         """Should include info to return dict when user was not found from guild."""
@@ -273,7 +286,7 @@ class CleanBanTests(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
             self.user,
             "FooBar",
             purge_days=1,
-            expires_at=None,
+            duration_or_expiry=None,
         )
 
     async def test_cleanban_doesnt_purge_messages_if_clean_cog_available(self):
@@ -285,7 +298,7 @@ class CleanBanTests(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
             self.ctx,
             self.user,
             "FooBar",
-            expires_at=None,
+            duration_or_expiry=None,
         )
 
     @patch("bot.exts.moderation.infraction.infractions.Age")
diff --git a/tests/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/test_utils.py b/tests/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/test_utils.py
index 5cf02033d..29dadf372 100644
--- a/tests/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/test_utils.py
+++ b/tests/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/test_utils.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import unittest
 from collections import namedtuple
 from datetime import datetime
-from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock, call, patch
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock, patch
 
 from botcore.site_api import ResponseCodeError
 from discord import Embed, Forbidden, HTTPException, NotFound
@@ -309,8 +309,8 @@ class TestPostInfraction(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
 
     async def test_normal_post_infraction(self):
         """Should return response from POST request if there are no errors."""
-        now = datetime.now()
-        payload = {
+        now = datetime.utcnow()
+        expected = {
             "actor": self.ctx.author.id,
             "hidden": True,
             "reason": "Test reason",
@@ -318,14 +318,17 @@ class TestPostInfraction(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
             "user": self.member.id,
             "active": False,
             "expires_at": now.isoformat(),
-            "dm_sent": False
+            "dm_sent": False,
         }
 
         self.ctx.bot.api_client.post.return_value = "foo"
         actual = await utils.post_infraction(self.ctx, self.member, "ban", "Test reason", now, True, False)
-
         self.assertEqual(actual, "foo")
-        self.ctx.bot.api_client.post.assert_awaited_once_with("bot/infractions", json=payload)
+        self.ctx.bot.api_client.post.assert_awaited_once()
+
+        # Since `last_applied` is based on current time, just check if expected is a subset of payload
+        payload: dict = self.ctx.bot.api_client.post.await_args_list[0].kwargs["json"]
+        self.assertEqual(payload, payload | expected)
 
     async def test_unknown_error_post_infraction(self):
         """Should send an error message to chat when a non-400 error occurs."""
@@ -349,19 +352,25 @@ class TestPostInfraction(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
     @patch("bot.exts.moderation.infraction._utils.post_user", return_value="bar")
     async def test_first_fail_second_success_user_post_infraction(self, post_user_mock):
         """Should post the user if they don't exist, POST infraction again, and return the response if successful."""
-        payload = {
+        expected = {
             "actor": self.ctx.author.id,
             "hidden": False,
             "reason": "Test reason",
             "type": "mute",
             "user": self.user.id,
             "active": True,
-            "dm_sent": False
+            "dm_sent": False,
         }
 
         self.bot.api_client.post.side_effect = [ResponseCodeError(MagicMock(status=400), {"user": "foo"}), "foo"]
-
         actual = await utils.post_infraction(self.ctx, self.user, "mute", "Test reason")
         self.assertEqual(actual, "foo")
-        self.bot.api_client.post.assert_has_awaits([call("bot/infractions", json=payload)] * 2)
+        await_args = self.bot.api_client.post.await_args_list
+        self.assertEqual(len(await_args), 2, "Expected 2 awaits")
+
+        # Since `last_applied` is based on current time, just check if expected is a subset of payload
+        for args in await_args:
+            payload: dict = args.kwargs["json"]
+            self.assertEqual(payload, payload | expected)
+
         post_user_mock.assert_awaited_once_with(self.ctx, self.user)
diff --git a/tests/bot/exts/moderation/test_incidents.py b/tests/bot/exts/moderation/test_incidents.py
index 97682163f..53d98360c 100644
--- a/tests/bot/exts/moderation/test_incidents.py
+++ b/tests/bot/exts/moderation/test_incidents.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import asyncio
+import datetime
 import enum
 import logging
 import typing as t
@@ -12,12 +13,15 @@ import discord
 from bot.constants import Colours
 from bot.exts.moderation import incidents
 from bot.utils.messages import format_user
+from bot.utils.time import TimestampFormats, discord_timestamp
 from tests.base import RedisTestCase
 from tests.helpers import (
     MockAsyncWebhook, MockAttachment, MockBot, MockMember, MockMessage, MockReaction, MockRole, MockTextChannel,
     MockUser
 )
 
+CURRENT_TIME = datetime.datetime(2022, 1, 1, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
+
 
 class MockAsyncIterable:
     """
@@ -100,30 +104,45 @@ class TestMakeEmbed(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
 
     async def test_make_embed_actioned(self):
         """Embed is coloured green and footer contains 'Actioned' when `outcome=Signal.ACTIONED`."""
-        embed, file = await incidents.make_embed(MockMessage(), incidents.Signal.ACTIONED, MockMember())
+        embed, file = await incidents.make_embed(
+            incident=MockMessage(created_at=CURRENT_TIME),
+            outcome=incidents.Signal.ACTIONED,
+            actioned_by=MockMember()
+        )
 
         self.assertEqual(embed.colour.value, Colours.soft_green)
         self.assertIn("Actioned", embed.footer.text)
 
     async def test_make_embed_not_actioned(self):
         """Embed is coloured red and footer contains 'Rejected' when `outcome=Signal.NOT_ACTIONED`."""
-        embed, file = await incidents.make_embed(MockMessage(), incidents.Signal.NOT_ACTIONED, MockMember())
+        embed, file = await incidents.make_embed(
+            incident=MockMessage(created_at=CURRENT_TIME),
+            outcome=incidents.Signal.NOT_ACTIONED,
+            actioned_by=MockMember()
+        )
 
         self.assertEqual(embed.colour.value, Colours.soft_red)
         self.assertIn("Rejected", embed.footer.text)
 
     async def test_make_embed_content(self):
         """Incident content appears as embed description."""
-        incident = MockMessage(content="this is an incident")
+        incident = MockMessage(content="this is an incident", created_at=CURRENT_TIME)
+
+        reported_timestamp = discord_timestamp(CURRENT_TIME)
+        relative_timestamp = discord_timestamp(CURRENT_TIME, TimestampFormats.RELATIVE)
+
         embed, file = await incidents.make_embed(incident, incidents.Signal.ACTIONED, MockMember())
 
-        self.assertEqual(incident.content, embed.description)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            f"{incident.content}\n\n*Reported {reported_timestamp} ({relative_timestamp}).*",
+            embed.description
+        )
 
     async def test_make_embed_with_attachment_succeeds(self):
         """Incident's attachment is downloaded and displayed in the embed's image field."""
         file = MagicMock(discord.File, filename="bigbadjoe.jpg")
         attachment = MockAttachment(filename="bigbadjoe.jpg")
-        incident = MockMessage(content="this is an incident", attachments=[attachment])
+        incident = MockMessage(content="this is an incident", attachments=[attachment], created_at=CURRENT_TIME)
 
         # Patch `download_file` to return our `file`
         with patch("bot.exts.moderation.incidents.download_file", AsyncMock(return_value=file)):
@@ -135,7 +154,7 @@ class TestMakeEmbed(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
     async def test_make_embed_with_attachment_fails(self):
         """Incident's attachment fails to download, proxy url is linked instead."""
         attachment = MockAttachment(proxy_url="discord.com/bigbadjoe.jpg")
-        incident = MockMessage(content="this is an incident", attachments=[attachment])
+        incident = MockMessage(content="this is an incident", attachments=[attachment], created_at=CURRENT_TIME)
 
         # Patch `download_file` to return None as if the download failed
         with patch("bot.exts.moderation.incidents.download_file", AsyncMock(return_value=None)):
@@ -349,7 +368,6 @@ class TestCrawlIncidents(TestIncidents):
 
 class TestArchive(TestIncidents):
     """Tests for the `Incidents.archive` coroutine."""
-
     async def test_archive_webhook_not_found(self):
         """
         Method recovers and returns False when the webhook is not found.
@@ -359,7 +377,11 @@ class TestArchive(TestIncidents):
         """
         self.cog_instance.bot.fetch_webhook = AsyncMock(side_effect=mock_404)
         self.assertFalse(
-            await self.cog_instance.archive(incident=MockMessage(), outcome=MagicMock(), actioned_by=MockMember())
+            await self.cog_instance.archive(
+                incident=MockMessage(created_at=CURRENT_TIME),
+                outcome=MagicMock(),
+                actioned_by=MockMember()
+            )
         )
 
     async def test_archive_relays_incident(self):
@@ -375,7 +397,7 @@ class TestArchive(TestIncidents):
         # Define our own `incident` to be archived
         incident = MockMessage(
             content="this is an incident",
-            author=MockUser(name="author_name", display_avatar=Mock(url="author_avatar")),
+            author=MockUser(display_name="author_name", display_avatar=Mock(url="author_avatar")),
             id=123,
         )
         built_embed = MagicMock(discord.Embed, id=123)  # We patch `make_embed` to return this
@@ -406,7 +428,7 @@ class TestArchive(TestIncidents):
         webhook = MockAsyncWebhook()
         self.cog_instance.bot.fetch_webhook = AsyncMock(return_value=webhook)
 
-        message_from_clyde = MockMessage(author=MockUser(name="clyde the great"))
+        message_from_clyde = MockMessage(author=MockUser(display_name="clyde the great"), created_at=CURRENT_TIME)
         await self.cog_instance.archive(message_from_clyde, MagicMock(incidents.Signal), MockMember())
 
         self.assertNotIn("clyde", webhook.send.call_args.kwargs["username"])
@@ -505,12 +527,13 @@ class TestProcessEvent(TestIncidents):
     async def test_process_event_confirmation_task_is_awaited(self):
         """Task given by `Incidents.make_confirmation_task` is awaited before method exits."""
         mock_task = AsyncMock()
+        mock_member = MockMember(display_name="Bobby Johnson", roles=[MockRole(id=1)])
 
         with patch("bot.exts.moderation.incidents.Incidents.make_confirmation_task", mock_task):
             await self.cog_instance.process_event(
                 reaction=incidents.Signal.ACTIONED.value,
-                incident=MockMessage(id=123),
-                member=MockMember(roles=[MockRole(id=1)])
+                incident=MockMessage(author=mock_member, id=123, created_at=CURRENT_TIME),
+                member=mock_member
             )
 
         mock_task.assert_awaited()
@@ -529,7 +552,7 @@ class TestProcessEvent(TestIncidents):
             with patch("bot.exts.moderation.incidents.Incidents.make_confirmation_task", mock_task):
                 await self.cog_instance.process_event(
                     reaction=incidents.Signal.ACTIONED.value,
-                    incident=MockMessage(id=123),
+                    incident=MockMessage(id=123, created_at=CURRENT_TIME),
                     member=MockMember(roles=[MockRole(id=1)])
                 )
         except asyncio.TimeoutError:
diff --git a/tests/bot/exts/moderation/test_silence.py b/tests/bot/exts/moderation/test_silence.py
index 98547e2bc..2622f46a7 100644
--- a/tests/bot/exts/moderation/test_silence.py
+++ b/tests/bot/exts/moderation/test_silence.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import asyncio
 import itertools
 import unittest
 from datetime import datetime, timezone
@@ -23,8 +22,24 @@ class PatchedDatetime(datetime):
     now = mock.create_autospec(datetime, "now")
 
 
-class SilenceNotifierTests(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
+class SilenceTest(RedisTestCase):
+    """A base class for Silence tests that correctly sets up the cog and redis."""
+
+    @autospec(silence, "Scheduler", pass_mocks=False)
+    @autospec(silence.Silence, "_reschedule", pass_mocks=False)
+    def setUp(self) -> None:
+        self.bot = MockBot(get_channel=lambda _id: MockTextChannel(id=_id))
+        self.cog = silence.Silence(self.bot)
+
+    @autospec(silence, "SilenceNotifier", pass_mocks=False)
+    async def asyncSetUp(self) -> None:
+        await super().asyncSetUp()
+        await self.cog.cog_load()  # Populate instance attributes.
+
+
+class SilenceNotifierTests(SilenceTest):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
+        super().setUp()
         self.alert_channel = MockTextChannel()
         self.notifier = silence.SilenceNotifier(self.alert_channel)
         self.notifier.stop = self.notifier_stop_mock = Mock()
@@ -89,34 +104,24 @@ class SilenceNotifierTests(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
 
 
 @autospec(silence.Silence, "previous_overwrites", "unsilence_timestamps", pass_mocks=False)
-class SilenceCogTests(RedisTestCase):
+class SilenceCogTests(SilenceTest):
     """Tests for the general functionality of the Silence cog."""
 
-    @autospec(silence, "Scheduler", pass_mocks=False)
-    def setUp(self) -> None:
-        self.bot = MockBot()
-        self.cog = silence.Silence(self.bot)
-
     @autospec(silence, "SilenceNotifier", pass_mocks=False)
     async def test_cog_load_got_guild(self):
         """Bot got guild after it became available."""
-        await self.cog.cog_load()
         self.bot.wait_until_guild_available.assert_awaited_once()
         self.bot.get_guild.assert_called_once_with(Guild.id)
 
     @autospec(silence, "SilenceNotifier", pass_mocks=False)
     async def test_cog_load_got_channels(self):
         """Got channels from bot."""
-        self.bot.get_channel.side_effect = lambda id_: MockTextChannel(id=id_)
-
         await self.cog.cog_load()
         self.assertEqual(self.cog._mod_alerts_channel.id, Channels.mod_alerts)
 
     @autospec(silence, "SilenceNotifier")
     async def test_cog_load_got_notifier(self, notifier):
         """Notifier was started with channel."""
-        self.bot.get_channel.side_effect = lambda id_: MockTextChannel(id=id_)
-
         await self.cog.cog_load()
         notifier.assert_called_once_with(MockTextChannel(id=Channels.mod_log))
         self.assertEqual(self.cog.notifier, notifier.return_value)
@@ -229,13 +234,9 @@ class SilenceCogTests(RedisTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(member.move_to.call_count, 1 if member == failing_member else 2)
 
 
-class SilenceArgumentParserTests(RedisTestCase):
+class SilenceArgumentParserTests(SilenceTest):
     """Tests for the silence argument parser utility function."""
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.bot = MockBot()
-        self.cog = silence.Silence(self.bot)
-
     @autospec(silence.Silence, "send_message", pass_mocks=False)
     @autospec(silence.Silence, "_set_silence_overwrites", return_value=False, pass_mocks=False)
     @autospec(silence.Silence, "parse_silence_args")
@@ -303,17 +304,19 @@ class SilenceArgumentParserTests(RedisTestCase):
 
 
 @autospec(silence.Silence, "previous_overwrites", "unsilence_timestamps", pass_mocks=False)
-class RescheduleTests(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
+class RescheduleTests(RedisTestCase):
     """Tests for the rescheduling of cached unsilences."""
 
-    @autospec(silence, "Scheduler", "SilenceNotifier", pass_mocks=False)
-    def setUp(self):
+    @autospec(silence, "Scheduler", pass_mocks=False)
+    def setUp(self) -> None:
         self.bot = MockBot()
         self.cog = silence.Silence(self.bot)
         self.cog._unsilence_wrapper = mock.create_autospec(self.cog._unsilence_wrapper)
 
-        with mock.patch.object(self.cog, "_reschedule", autospec=True):
-            asyncio.run(self.cog.cog_load())  # Populate instance attributes.
+    @autospec(silence, "SilenceNotifier", pass_mocks=False)
+    async def asyncSetUp(self) -> None:
+        await super().asyncSetUp()
+        await self.cog.cog_load()  # Populate instance attributes.
 
     async def test_skipped_missing_channel(self):
         """Did nothing because the channel couldn't be retrieved."""
@@ -388,20 +391,14 @@ def voice_sync_helper(function):
 
 
 @autospec(silence.Silence, "previous_overwrites", "unsilence_timestamps", pass_mocks=False)
-class SilenceTests(RedisTestCase):
+class SilenceTests(SilenceTest):
     """Tests for the silence command and its related helper methods."""
 
-    @autospec(silence.Silence, "_reschedule", pass_mocks=False)
-    @autospec(silence, "Scheduler", "SilenceNotifier", pass_mocks=False)
     def setUp(self) -> None:
-        self.bot = MockBot(get_channel=lambda _: MockTextChannel())
-        self.cog = silence.Silence(self.bot)
+        super().setUp()
 
         # Avoid unawaited coroutine warnings.
         self.cog.scheduler.schedule_later.side_effect = lambda delay, task_id, coro: coro.close()
-
-        asyncio.run(self.cog.cog_load())  # Populate instance attributes.
-
         self.text_channel = MockTextChannel()
         self.text_overwrite = PermissionOverwrite(
             send_messages=True,
@@ -659,22 +656,13 @@ class SilenceTests(RedisTestCase):
 
 
 @autospec(silence.Silence, "unsilence_timestamps", pass_mocks=False)
-class UnsilenceTests(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
+class UnsilenceTests(SilenceTest):
     """Tests for the unsilence command and its related helper methods."""
 
-    @autospec(silence.Silence, "_reschedule", pass_mocks=False)
-    @autospec(silence, "Scheduler", "SilenceNotifier", pass_mocks=False)
     def setUp(self) -> None:
-        self.bot = MockBot(get_channel=lambda _: MockTextChannel())
-        self.cog = silence.Silence(self.bot)
-
-        overwrites_cache = mock.create_autospec(self.cog.previous_overwrites, spec_set=True)
-        self.cog.previous_overwrites = overwrites_cache
-
-        asyncio.run(self.cog.cog_load())  # Populate instance attributes.
+        super().setUp()
 
         self.cog.scheduler.__contains__.return_value = True
-        overwrites_cache.get.return_value = '{"send_messages": true, "add_reactions": false}'
         self.text_channel = MockTextChannel()
         self.text_overwrite = PermissionOverwrite(send_messages=False, add_reactions=False)
         self.text_channel.overwrites_for.return_value = self.text_overwrite
@@ -683,6 +671,13 @@ class UnsilenceTests(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
         self.voice_overwrite = PermissionOverwrite(connect=True, speak=True)
         self.voice_channel.overwrites_for.return_value = self.voice_overwrite
 
+    async def asyncSetUp(self) -> None:
+        await super().asyncSetUp()
+        overwrites_cache = mock.create_autospec(self.cog.previous_overwrites, spec_set=True)
+        self.cog.previous_overwrites = overwrites_cache
+
+        overwrites_cache.get.return_value = '{"send_messages": true, "add_reactions": false}'
+
     async def test_sent_correct_message(self):
         """Appropriate failure/success message was sent by the command."""
         unsilenced_overwrite = PermissionOverwrite(send_messages=True, add_reactions=True)
diff --git a/tests/bot/rules/test_mentions.py b/tests/bot/rules/test_mentions.py
index f8805ac48..e1f904917 100644
--- a/tests/bot/rules/test_mentions.py
+++ b/tests/bot/rules/test_mentions.py
@@ -1,15 +1,32 @@
-from typing import Iterable
+from typing import Iterable, Optional
+
+import discord
 
 from bot.rules import mentions
 from tests.bot.rules import DisallowedCase, RuleTest
-from tests.helpers import MockMember, MockMessage
+from tests.helpers import MockMember, MockMessage, MockMessageReference
 
 
-def make_msg(author: str, total_user_mentions: int, total_bot_mentions: int = 0) -> MockMessage:
-    """Makes a message with `total_mentions` mentions."""
+def make_msg(
+    author: str,
+    total_user_mentions: int,
+    total_bot_mentions: int = 0,
+    *,
+    reference: Optional[MockMessageReference] = None
+) -> MockMessage:
+    """Makes a message from `author` with `total_user_mentions` user mentions and `total_bot_mentions` bot mentions."""
     user_mentions = [MockMember() for _ in range(total_user_mentions)]
     bot_mentions = [MockMember(bot=True) for _ in range(total_bot_mentions)]
-    return MockMessage(author=author, mentions=user_mentions+bot_mentions)
+
+    mentions = user_mentions + bot_mentions
+    if reference is not None:
+        # For the sake of these tests we assume that all references are mentions.
+        mentions.append(reference.resolved.author)
+        msg_type = discord.MessageType.reply
+    else:
+        msg_type = discord.MessageType.default
+
+    return MockMessage(author=author, mentions=mentions, reference=reference, type=msg_type)
 
 
 class TestMentions(RuleTest):
@@ -56,6 +73,16 @@ class TestMentions(RuleTest):
                 ("bob",),
                 3,
             ),
+            DisallowedCase(
+                [make_msg("bob", 3, reference=MockMessageReference())],
+                ("bob",),
+                3,
+            ),
+            DisallowedCase(
+                [make_msg("bob", 3, reference=MockMessageReference(reference_author_is_bot=True))],
+                ("bob",),
+                3
+            )
         )
 
         await self.run_disallowed(cases)
@@ -71,6 +98,27 @@ class TestMentions(RuleTest):
 
         await self.run_allowed(cases)
 
+    async def test_ignore_reply_mentions(self):
+        """Messages with an allowed amount of mentions in the content, also containing reply mentions."""
+        cases = (
+            [
+                make_msg("bob", 2, reference=MockMessageReference())
+            ],
+            [
+                make_msg("bob", 2, reference=MockMessageReference(reference_author_is_bot=True))
+            ],
+            [
+                make_msg("bob", 2, reference=MockMessageReference()),
+                make_msg("bob", 0, reference=MockMessageReference())
+            ],
+            [
+                make_msg("bob", 2, reference=MockMessageReference(reference_author_is_bot=True)),
+                make_msg("bob", 0, reference=MockMessageReference(reference_author_is_bot=True))
+            ]
+        )
+
+        await self.run_allowed(cases)
+
     def relevant_messages(self, case: DisallowedCase) -> Iterable[MockMessage]:
         last_message = case.recent_messages[0]
         return tuple(
diff --git a/tests/helpers.py b/tests/helpers.py
index 17214553c..a4b919dcb 100644
--- a/tests/helpers.py
+++ b/tests/helpers.py
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ class MockBot(CustomMockMixin, unittest.mock.MagicMock):
         guild_id=1,
         intents=discord.Intents.all(),
     )
-    additional_spec_asyncs = ("wait_for", "redis_ready")
+    additional_spec_asyncs = ("wait_for",)
 
     def __init__(self, **kwargs) -> None:
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
@@ -492,6 +492,28 @@ class MockAttachment(CustomMockMixin, unittest.mock.MagicMock):
     spec_set = attachment_instance
 
 
+message_reference_instance = discord.MessageReference(
+    message_id=unittest.mock.MagicMock(id=1),
+    channel_id=unittest.mock.MagicMock(id=2),
+    guild_id=unittest.mock.MagicMock(id=3)
+)
+
+
+class MockMessageReference(CustomMockMixin, unittest.mock.MagicMock):
+    """
+    A MagicMock subclass to mock MessageReference objects.
+
+    Instances of this class will follow the specification of `discord.MessageReference` instances.
+    For more information, see the `MockGuild` docstring.
+    """
+    spec_set = message_reference_instance
+
+    def __init__(self, *, reference_author_is_bot: bool = False, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        referenced_msg_author = MockMember(name="bob", bot=reference_author_is_bot)
+        self.resolved = MockMessage(author=referenced_msg_author)
+
+
 class MockMessage(CustomMockMixin, unittest.mock.MagicMock):
     """
     A MagicMock subclass to mock Message objects.
diff --git a/tests/test_helpers.py b/tests/test_helpers.py
index f3040b305..b2686b1d0 100644
--- a/tests/test_helpers.py
+++ b/tests/test_helpers.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class DiscordMocksTests(unittest.TestCase):
         """Test if the default initialization of MockRole results in the correct object."""
         role = helpers.MockRole()
 
-        # The `spec` argument makes sure `isistance` checks with `discord.Role` pass
+        # The `spec` argument makes sure `isinstance` checks with `discord.Role` pass
         self.assertIsInstance(role, discord.Role)
 
         self.assertEqual(role.name, "role")