Merge branch 'main' into mbaruh/anti-spam

19 files changed, 308 insertions, 311 deletions

diff --git a/bot/constants.py b/bot/constants.py
index 34a814035..407646b28 100644
--- a/bot/constants.py
+++ b/bot/constants.py
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ class Metabase(metaclass=YAMLGetter):
 
     username: Optional[str]
     password: Optional[str]
-    url: str
+    base_url: str
     max_session_age: int
 
 
diff --git a/bot/converters.py b/bot/converters.py
index 595809517..37eb91c7f 100644
--- a/bot/converters.py
+++ b/bot/converters.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import logging
 import re
 import typing as t
 from datetime import datetime
-from functools import partial
 from ssl import CertificateError
 
 import dateutil.parser
@@ -439,29 +438,6 @@ class HushDurationConverter(Converter):
         return duration
 
 
-def proxy_user(user_id: str) -> discord.Object:
-    """
-    Create a proxy user object from the given id.
-
-    Used when a Member or User object cannot be resolved.
-    """
-    log.trace(f"Attempting to create a proxy user for the user id {user_id}.")
-
-    try:
-        user_id = int(user_id)
-    except ValueError:
-        log.debug(f"Failed to create proxy user {user_id}: could not convert to int.")
-        raise BadArgument(f"User ID `{user_id}` is invalid - could not convert to an integer.")
-
-    user = discord.Object(user_id)
-    user.mention = user.id
-    user.display_name = f"<@{user.id}>"
-    user.avatar_url_as = lambda static_format: None
-    user.bot = False
-
-    return user
-
-
 class UserMentionOrID(UserConverter):
     """
     Converts to a `discord.User`, but only if a mention or userID is provided.
@@ -480,64 +456,6 @@ class UserMentionOrID(UserConverter):
             raise BadArgument(f"`{argument}` is not a User mention or a User ID.")
 
 
-class FetchedUser(UserConverter):
-    """
-    Converts to a `discord.User` or, if it fails, a `discord.Object`.
-
-    Unlike the default `UserConverter`, which only does lookups via the global user cache, this
-    converter attempts to fetch the user via an API call to Discord when the using the cache is
-    unsuccessful.
-
-    If the fetch also fails and the error doesn't imply the user doesn't exist, then a
-    `discord.Object` is returned via the `user_proxy` converter.
-
-    The lookup strategy is as follows (in order):
-
-    1. Lookup by ID.
-    2. Lookup by mention.
-    3. Lookup by name#discrim
-    4. Lookup by name
-    5. Lookup via API
-    6. Create a proxy user with discord.Object
-    """
-
-    async def convert(self, ctx: Context, arg: str) -> t.Union[discord.User, discord.Object]:
-        """Convert the `arg` to a `discord.User` or `discord.Object`."""
-        try:
-            return await super().convert(ctx, arg)
-        except BadArgument:
-            pass
-
-        try:
-            user_id = int(arg)
-            log.trace(f"Fetching user {user_id}...")
-            return await ctx.bot.fetch_user(user_id)
-        except ValueError:
-            log.debug(f"Failed to fetch user {arg}: could not convert to int.")
-            raise BadArgument(f"The provided argument can't be turned into integer: `{arg}`")
-        except discord.HTTPException as e:
-            # If the Discord error isn't `Unknown user`, return a proxy instead
-            if e.code != 10013:
-                log.info(f"Failed to fetch user, returning a proxy instead: status {e.status}")
-                return proxy_user(arg)
-
-            log.debug(f"Failed to fetch user {arg}: user does not exist.")
-            raise BadArgument(f"User `{arg}` does not exist")
-
-
-def _snowflake_from_regex(pattern: t.Pattern, arg: str) -> int:
-    """
-    Extract the snowflake from `arg` using a regex `pattern` and return it as an int.
-
-    The snowflake is expected to be within the first capture group in `pattern`.
-    """
-    match = pattern.match(arg)
-    if not match:
-        raise BadArgument(f"Mention {str!r} is invalid.")
-
-    return int(match.group(1))
-
-
 class Infraction(Converter):
     """
     Attempts to convert a given infraction ID into an infraction.
@@ -568,5 +486,4 @@ class Infraction(Converter):
 
 
 Expiry = t.Union[Duration, ISODateTime]
-FetchedMember = t.Union[discord.Member, FetchedUser]
-UserMention = partial(_snowflake_from_regex, RE_USER_MENTION)
+MemberOrUser = t.Union[discord.Member, discord.User]
diff --git a/bot/errors.py b/bot/errors.py
index 5785faa44..08396ec3e 100644
--- a/bot/errors.py
+++ b/bot/errors.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-from typing import Hashable, Union
+from typing import Hashable
 
-from discord import Member, User
+from bot.converters import MemberOrUser
 
 
 class LockedResourceError(RuntimeError):
@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@ class InvalidInfractedUserError(Exception):
         `user` -- User or Member which is invalid
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, user: Union[Member, User], reason: str = "User infracted is a bot."):
+    def __init__(self, user: MemberOrUser, reason: str = "User infracted is a bot."):
+
         self.user = user
         self.reason = reason
 
diff --git a/bot/exts/fun/duck_pond.py b/bot/exts/fun/duck_pond.py
index d02912545..7f7e4585c 100644
--- a/bot/exts/fun/duck_pond.py
+++ b/bot/exts/fun/duck_pond.py
@@ -3,11 +3,12 @@ import logging
 from typing import Union
 
 import discord
-from discord import Color, Embed, Member, Message, RawReactionActionEvent, TextChannel, User, errors
+from discord import Color, Embed, Message, RawReactionActionEvent, TextChannel, errors
 from discord.ext.commands import Cog, Context, command
 
 from bot import constants
 from bot.bot import Bot
+from bot.converters import MemberOrUser
 from bot.utils.checks import has_any_role
 from bot.utils.messages import count_unique_users_reaction, send_attachments
 from bot.utils.webhooks import send_webhook
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ class DuckPond(Cog):
             log.exception(f"Failed to fetch webhook with id `{self.webhook_id}`")
 
     @staticmethod
-    def is_staff(member: Union[User, Member]) -> bool:
+    def is_staff(member: MemberOrUser) -> bool:
         """Check if a specific member or user is staff."""
         if hasattr(member, "roles"):
             for role in member.roles:
diff --git a/bot/exts/info/information.py b/bot/exts/info/information.py
index 167731e64..8bef6a8cd 100644
--- a/bot/exts/info/information.py
+++ b/bot/exts/info/information.py
@@ -8,11 +8,12 @@ from typing import Any, DefaultDict, Mapping, Optional, Tuple, Union
 import rapidfuzz
 from discord import AllowedMentions, Colour, Embed, Guild, Message, Role
 from discord.ext.commands import BucketType, Cog, Context, Paginator, command, group, has_any_role
+from discord.utils import escape_markdown
 
 from bot import constants
 from bot.api import ResponseCodeError
 from bot.bot import Bot
-from bot.converters import FetchedMember
+from bot.converters import MemberOrUser
 from bot.decorators import in_whitelist
 from bot.errors import NonExistentRoleError
 from bot.pagination import LinePaginator
@@ -186,21 +187,21 @@ class Information(Cog):
         online_presences = py_invite.approximate_presence_count
         offline_presences = py_invite.approximate_member_count - online_presences
         member_status = (
-            f"{constants.Emojis.status_online} {online_presences} "
-            f"{constants.Emojis.status_offline} {offline_presences}"
+            f"{constants.Emojis.status_online} {online_presences:,} "
+            f"{constants.Emojis.status_offline} {offline_presences:,}"
         )
 
-        embed.description = textwrap.dedent(f"""
-            Created: {created}
-            Voice region: {region}\
-            {features}
-            Roles: {num_roles}
-            Member status: {member_status}
-        """)
+        embed.description = (
+            f"Created: {created}"
+            f"\nVoice region: {region}"
+            f"{features}"
+            f"\nRoles: {num_roles}"
+            f"\nMember status: {member_status}"
+        )
         embed.set_thumbnail(url=ctx.guild.icon_url)
 
         # Members
-        total_members = ctx.guild.member_count
+        total_members = f"{ctx.guild.member_count:,}"
         member_counts = self.get_member_counts(ctx.guild)
         member_info = "\n".join(f"{role}: {count}" for role, count in member_counts.items())
         embed.add_field(name=f"Members: {total_members}", value=member_info)
@@ -220,7 +221,7 @@ class Information(Cog):
         await ctx.send(embed=embed)
 
     @command(name="user", aliases=["user_info", "member", "member_info", "u"])
-    async def user_info(self, ctx: Context, user: FetchedMember = None) -> None:
+    async def user_info(self, ctx: Context, user: MemberOrUser = None) -> None:
         """Returns info about a user."""
         if user is None:
             user = ctx.author
@@ -235,7 +236,7 @@ class Information(Cog):
             embed = await self.create_user_embed(ctx, user)
             await ctx.send(embed=embed)
 
-    async def create_user_embed(self, ctx: Context, user: FetchedMember) -> Embed:
+    async def create_user_embed(self, ctx: Context, user: MemberOrUser) -> Embed:
         """Creates an embed containing information on the `user`."""
         on_server = bool(ctx.guild.get_member(user.id))
 
@@ -244,6 +245,7 @@ class Information(Cog):
         name = str(user)
         if on_server and user.nick:
             name = f"{user.nick} ({name})"
+        name = escape_markdown(name)
 
         if user.public_flags.verified_bot:
             name += f" {constants.Emojis.verified_bot}"
@@ -257,7 +259,11 @@ class Information(Cog):
                 badges.append(emoji)
 
         if on_server:
-            joined = discord_timestamp(user.joined_at, TimestampFormats.RELATIVE)
+            if user.joined_at:
+                joined = discord_timestamp(user.joined_at, TimestampFormats.RELATIVE)
+            else:
+                joined = "Unable to get join date"
+
             # The 0 is for excluding the default @everyone role,
             # and the -1 is for reversing the order of the roles to highest to lowest in hierarchy.
             roles = ", ".join(role.mention for role in user.roles[:0:-1])
@@ -307,7 +313,7 @@ class Information(Cog):
 
         return embed
 
-    async def basic_user_infraction_counts(self, user: FetchedMember) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+    async def basic_user_infraction_counts(self, user: MemberOrUser) -> Tuple[str, str]:
         """Gets the total and active infraction counts for the given `member`."""
         infractions = await self.bot.api_client.get(
             'bot/infractions',
@@ -324,7 +330,7 @@ class Information(Cog):
 
         return "Infractions", infraction_output
 
-    async def expanded_user_infraction_counts(self, user: FetchedMember) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+    async def expanded_user_infraction_counts(self, user: MemberOrUser) -> Tuple[str, str]:
         """
         Gets expanded infraction counts for the given `member`.
 
@@ -365,7 +371,7 @@ class Information(Cog):
 
         return "Infractions", "\n".join(infraction_output)
 
-    async def user_nomination_counts(self, user: FetchedMember) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+    async def user_nomination_counts(self, user: MemberOrUser) -> Tuple[str, str]:
         """Gets the active and historical nomination counts for the given `member`."""
         nominations = await self.bot.api_client.get(
             'bot/nominations',
@@ -390,7 +396,7 @@ class Information(Cog):
 
         return "Nominations", "\n".join(output)
 
-    async def user_messages(self, user: FetchedMember) -> Tuple[Union[bool, str], Tuple[str, str]]:
+    async def user_messages(self, user: MemberOrUser) -> Tuple[Union[bool, str], Tuple[str, str]]:
         """
         Gets the amount of messages for `member`.
 
diff --git a/bot/exts/info/python_news.py b/bot/exts/info/python_news.py
index a7837c93a..63eb4ac17 100644
--- a/bot/exts/info/python_news.py
+++ b/bot/exts/info/python_news.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
+import re
 import typing as t
 from datetime import date, datetime
 
@@ -72,6 +73,11 @@ class PythonNews(Cog):
             if mail["name"].split("@")[0] in constants.PythonNews.mail_lists:
                 self.webhook_names[mail["name"].split("@")[0]] = mail["display_name"]
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def escape_markdown(content: str) -> str:
+        """Escape the markdown underlines and spoilers."""
+        return re.sub(r"[_|]", lambda match: "\\" + match[0], content)
+
     async def post_pep_news(self) -> None:
         """Fetch new PEPs and when they don't have announcement in #python-news, create it."""
         # Wait until everything is ready and http_session available
@@ -103,7 +109,7 @@ class PythonNews(Cog):
             # Build an embed and send a webhook
             embed = discord.Embed(
                 title=new["title"],
-                description=new["summary"],
+                description=self.escape_markdown(new["summary"]),
                 timestamp=new_datetime,
                 url=new["link"],
                 colour=constants.Colours.soft_green
@@ -167,7 +173,7 @@ class PythonNews(Cog):
                 ):
                     continue
 
-                content = email_information["content"]
+                content = self.escape_markdown(email_information["content"])
                 link = THREAD_URL.format(id=thread["href"].split("/")[-2], list=maillist)
 
                 # Build an embed and send a message to the webhook
diff --git a/bot/exts/info/site.py b/bot/exts/info/site.py
index fb5b99086..28eb558a6 100644
--- a/bot/exts/info/site.py
+++ b/bot/exts/info/site.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from bot.pagination import LinePaginator
 
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-PAGES_URL = f"{URLs.site_schema}{URLs.site}/pages"
+BASE_URL = f"{URLs.site_schema}{URLs.site}"
 
 
 class Site(Cog):
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class Site(Cog):
     @site_group.command(name="resources", root_aliases=("resources", "resource"))
     async def site_resources(self, ctx: Context) -> None:
         """Info about the site's Resources page."""
-        learning_url = f"{PAGES_URL}/resources"
+        learning_url = f"{BASE_URL}/resources"
 
         embed = Embed(title="Resources")
         embed.set_footer(text=f"{learning_url}")
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class Site(Cog):
     @site_group.command(name="tools", root_aliases=("tools",))
     async def site_tools(self, ctx: Context) -> None:
         """Info about the site's Tools page."""
-        tools_url = f"{PAGES_URL}/resources/tools"
+        tools_url = f"{BASE_URL}/resources/tools"
 
         embed = Embed(title="Tools")
         embed.set_footer(text=f"{tools_url}")
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ class Site(Cog):
     @site_group.command(name="help")
     async def site_help(self, ctx: Context) -> None:
         """Info about the site's Getting Help page."""
-        url = f"{PAGES_URL}/resources/guides/asking-good-questions"
+        url = f"{BASE_URL}/pages/guides/pydis-guides/asking-good-questions/"
 
         embed = Embed(title="Asking Good Questions")
         embed.set_footer(text=url)
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class Site(Cog):
     @site_group.command(name="faq", root_aliases=("faq",))
     async def site_faq(self, ctx: Context) -> None:
         """Info about the site's FAQ page."""
-        url = f"{PAGES_URL}/frequently-asked-questions"
+        url = f"{BASE_URL}/pages/frequently-asked-questions"
 
         embed = Embed(title="FAQ")
         embed.set_footer(text=url)
@@ -107,13 +107,13 @@ class Site(Cog):
     @site_group.command(name="rules", aliases=("r", "rule"), root_aliases=("rules", "rule"))
     async def site_rules(self, ctx: Context, rules: Greedy[int]) -> None:
         """Provides a link to all rules or, if specified, displays specific rule(s)."""
-        rules_embed = Embed(title='Rules', color=Colour.blurple(), url=f'{PAGES_URL}/rules')
+        rules_embed = Embed(title='Rules', color=Colour.blurple(), url=f'{BASE_URL}/pages/rules')
 
         if not rules:
             # Rules were not submitted. Return the default description.
             rules_embed.description = (
                 "The rules and guidelines that apply to this community can be found on"
-                f" our [rules page]({PAGES_URL}/rules). We expect"
+                f" our [rules page]({BASE_URL}/pages/rules). We expect"
                 " all members of the community to have read and understood these."
             )
 
diff --git a/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/_scheduler.py b/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/_scheduler.py
index 8286d3635..6ba4e74e9 100644
--- a/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/_scheduler.py
+++ b/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/_scheduler.py
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ from bot import constants
 from bot.api import ResponseCodeError
 from bot.bot import Bot
 from bot.constants import Colours
+from bot.converters import MemberOrUser
 from bot.exts.moderation.infraction import _utils
-from bot.exts.moderation.infraction._utils import UserSnowflake
 from bot.exts.moderation.modlog import ModLog
 from bot.utils import messages, scheduling, time
 from bot.utils.channel import is_mod_channel
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ class InfractionScheduler:
         self,
         ctx: Context,
         infraction: _utils.Infraction,
-        user: UserSnowflake,
+        user: MemberOrUser,
         action_coro: t.Optional[t.Awaitable] = None,
         user_reason: t.Optional[str] = None,
         additional_info: str = "",
@@ -165,17 +165,10 @@ class InfractionScheduler:
             dm_result = f"{constants.Emojis.failmail} "
             dm_log_text = "\nDM: **Failed**"
 
-            # Sometimes user is a discord.Object; make it a proper user.
-            try:
-                if not isinstance(user, (discord.Member, discord.User)):
-                    user = await self.bot.fetch_user(user.id)
-            except discord.HTTPException as e:
-                log.error(f"Failed to DM {user.id}: could not fetch user (status {e.status})")
-            else:
-                # Accordingly display whether the user was successfully notified via DM.
-                if await _utils.notify_infraction(user, infr_type.replace("_", " ").title(), expiry, user_reason, icon):
-                    dm_result = ":incoming_envelope: "
-                    dm_log_text = "\nDM: Sent"
+            # Accordingly display whether the user was successfully notified via DM.
+            if await _utils.notify_infraction(user, infr_type.replace("_", " ").title(), expiry, user_reason, icon):
+                dm_result = ":incoming_envelope: "
+                dm_log_text = "\nDM: Sent"
 
         end_msg = ""
         if infraction["actor"] == self.bot.user.id:
@@ -264,14 +257,18 @@ class InfractionScheduler:
             self,
             ctx: Context,
             infr_type: str,
-            user: UserSnowflake,
-            send_msg: bool = True
+            user: MemberOrUser,
+            *,
+            send_msg: bool = True,
+            notify: bool = True
     ) -> None:
         """
         Prematurely end an infraction for a user and log the action in the mod log.
 
         If `send_msg` is True, then a pardoning confirmation message will be sent to
-        the context channel.  Otherwise, no such message will be sent.
+        the context channel. Otherwise, no such message will be sent.
+
+        If `notify` is True, notify the user of the pardon via DM where applicable.
         """
         log.trace(f"Pardoning {infr_type} infraction for {user}.")
 
@@ -292,7 +289,7 @@ class InfractionScheduler:
             return
 
         # Deactivate the infraction and cancel its scheduled expiration task.
-        log_text = await self.deactivate_infraction(response[0], send_log=False)
+        log_text = await self.deactivate_infraction(response[0], send_log=False, notify=notify)
 
         log_text["Member"] = messages.format_user(user)
         log_text["Actor"] = ctx.author.mention
@@ -345,7 +342,9 @@ class InfractionScheduler:
     async def deactivate_infraction(
         self,
         infraction: _utils.Infraction,
-        send_log: bool = True
+        *,
+        send_log: bool = True,
+        notify: bool = True
     ) -> t.Dict[str, str]:
         """
         Deactivate an active infraction and return a dictionary of lines to send in a mod log.
@@ -354,6 +353,8 @@ class InfractionScheduler:
         expiration task cancelled. If `send_log` is True, a mod log is sent for the
         deactivation of the infraction.
 
+        If `notify` is True, notify the user of the pardon via DM where applicable.
+
         Infractions of unsupported types will raise a ValueError.
         """
         guild = self.bot.get_guild(constants.Guild.id)
@@ -380,7 +381,7 @@ class InfractionScheduler:
 
         try:
             log.trace("Awaiting the pardon action coroutine.")
-            returned_log = await self._pardon_action(infraction)
+            returned_log = await self._pardon_action(infraction, notify)
 
             if returned_log is not None:
                 log_text = {**log_text, **returned_log}  # Merge the logs together
@@ -468,10 +469,15 @@ class InfractionScheduler:
         return log_text
 
     @abstractmethod
-    async def _pardon_action(self, infraction: _utils.Infraction) -> t.Optional[t.Dict[str, str]]:
+    async def _pardon_action(
+        self,
+        infraction: _utils.Infraction,
+        notify: bool
+    ) -> t.Optional[t.Dict[str, str]]:
         """
         Execute deactivation steps specific to the infraction's type and return a log dict.
 
+        If `notify` is True, notify the user of the pardon via DM where applicable.
         If an infraction type is unsupported, return None instead.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError
diff --git a/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/_utils.py b/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/_utils.py
index a4059a6e9..b20ef1d06 100644
--- a/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/_utils.py
+++ b/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/_utils.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from discord.ext.commands import Context
 
 from bot.api import ResponseCodeError
 from bot.constants import Colours, Icons
+from bot.converters import MemberOrUser
 from bot.errors import InvalidInfractedUserError
 
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -24,8 +25,6 @@ INFRACTION_ICONS = {
 RULES_URL = "https://pythondiscord.com/pages/rules"
 
 # Type aliases
-UserObject = t.Union[discord.Member, discord.User]
-UserSnowflake = t.Union[UserObject, discord.Object]
 Infraction = t.Dict[str, t.Union[str, int, bool]]
 
 APPEAL_EMAIL = "[email protected]"
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ INFRACTION_DESCRIPTION_TEMPLATE = (
 )
 
 
-async def post_user(ctx: Context, user: UserSnowflake) -> t.Optional[dict]:
+async def post_user(ctx: Context, user: MemberOrUser) -> t.Optional[dict]:
     """
     Create a new user in the database.
 
@@ -53,14 +52,11 @@ async def post_user(ctx: Context, user: UserSnowflake) -> t.Optional[dict]:
     """
     log.trace(f"Attempting to add user {user.id} to the database.")
 
-    if not isinstance(user, (discord.Member, discord.User)):
-        log.debug("The user being added to the DB is not a Member or User object.")
-
     payload = {
-        'discriminator': int(getattr(user, 'discriminator', 0)),
+        'discriminator': int(user.discriminator),
         'id': user.id,
         'in_guild': False,
-        'name': getattr(user, 'name', 'Name unknown'),
+        'name': user.name,
         'roles': []
     }
 
@@ -75,7 +71,7 @@ async def post_user(ctx: Context, user: UserSnowflake) -> t.Optional[dict]:
 
 async def post_infraction(
         ctx: Context,
-        user: UserSnowflake,
+        user: MemberOrUser,
         infr_type: str,
         reason: str,
         expires_at: datetime = None,
@@ -118,7 +114,7 @@ async def post_infraction(
 
 async def get_active_infraction(
         ctx: Context,
-        user: UserSnowflake,
+        user: MemberOrUser,
         infr_type: str,
         send_msg: bool = True
 ) -> t.Optional[dict]:
@@ -143,17 +139,22 @@ async def get_active_infraction(
         # Checks to see if the moderator should be told there is an active infraction
         if send_msg:
             log.trace(f"{user} has active infractions of type {infr_type}.")
-            await ctx.send(
-                f":x: According to my records, this user already has a {infr_type} infraction. "
-                f"See infraction **#{active_infractions[0]['id']}**."
-            )
+            await send_active_infraction_message(ctx, active_infractions[0])
         return active_infractions[0]
     else:
         log.trace(f"{user} does not have active infractions of type {infr_type}.")
 
 
+async def send_active_infraction_message(ctx: Context, infraction: Infraction) -> None:
+    """Send a message stating that the given infraction is active."""
+    await ctx.send(
+        f":x: According to my records, this user already has a {infraction['type']} infraction. "
+        f"See infraction **#{infraction['id']}**."
+    )
+
+
 async def notify_infraction(
-        user: UserObject,
+        user: MemberOrUser,
         infr_type: str,
         expires_at: t.Optional[str] = None,
         reason: t.Optional[str] = None,
@@ -189,7 +190,7 @@ async def notify_infraction(
 
 
 async def notify_pardon(
-        user: UserObject,
+        user: MemberOrUser,
         title: str,
         content: str,
         icon_url: str = Icons.user_verified
@@ -207,7 +208,7 @@ async def notify_pardon(
     return await send_private_embed(user, embed)
 
 
-async def send_private_embed(user: UserObject, embed: discord.Embed) -> bool:
+async def send_private_embed(user: MemberOrUser, embed: discord.Embed) -> bool:
     """
     A helper method for sending an embed to a user's DMs.
 
diff --git a/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/infractions.py b/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/infractions.py
index f19323c7c..2f9083c29 100644
--- a/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/infractions.py
+++ b/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/infractions.py
@@ -10,11 +10,10 @@ from discord.ext.commands import Context, command
 from bot import constants
 from bot.bot import Bot
 from bot.constants import Event
-from bot.converters import Duration, Expiry, FetchedMember
+from bot.converters import Duration, Expiry, MemberOrUser
 from bot.decorators import respect_role_hierarchy
 from bot.exts.moderation.infraction import _utils
 from bot.exts.moderation.infraction._scheduler import InfractionScheduler
-from bot.exts.moderation.infraction._utils import UserSnowflake
 from bot.utils.messages import format_user
 
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
     # region: Permanent infractions
 
     @command()
-    async def warn(self, ctx: Context, user: FetchedMember, *, reason: t.Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+    async def warn(self, ctx: Context, user: MemberOrUser, *, reason: t.Optional[str] = None) -> None:
         """Warn a user for the given reason."""
         if not isinstance(user, Member):
             await ctx.send(":x: The user doesn't appear to be on the server.")
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
         await self.apply_infraction(ctx, infraction, user)
 
     @command()
-    async def kick(self, ctx: Context, user: FetchedMember, *, reason: t.Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+    async def kick(self, ctx: Context, user: MemberOrUser, *, reason: t.Optional[str] = None) -> None:
         """Kick a user for the given reason."""
         if not isinstance(user, Member):
             await ctx.send(":x: The user doesn't appear to be on the server.")
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
     async def ban(
         self,
         ctx: Context,
-        user: FetchedMember,
+        user: MemberOrUser,
         duration: t.Optional[Expiry] = None,
         *,
         reason: t.Optional[str] = None
@@ -95,7 +94,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
     async def purgeban(
         self,
         ctx: Context,
-        user: FetchedMember,
+        user: MemberOrUser,
         duration: t.Optional[Expiry] = None,
         *,
         reason: t.Optional[str] = None
@@ -111,7 +110,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
     async def voiceban(
         self,
         ctx: Context,
-        user: FetchedMember,
+        user: MemberOrUser,
         duration: t.Optional[Expiry] = None,
         *,
         reason: t.Optional[str]
@@ -129,7 +128,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
     @command(aliases=["mute"])
     async def tempmute(
         self, ctx: Context,
-        user: FetchedMember,
+        user: MemberOrUser,
         duration: t.Optional[Expiry] = None,
         *,
         reason: t.Optional[str] = None
@@ -163,7 +162,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
     async def tempban(
         self,
         ctx: Context,
-        user: FetchedMember,
+        user: MemberOrUser,
         duration: Expiry,
         *,
         reason: t.Optional[str] = None
@@ -189,7 +188,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
     async def tempvoiceban(
             self,
             ctx: Context,
-            user: FetchedMember,
+            user: MemberOrUser,
             duration: Expiry,
             *,
             reason: t.Optional[str]
@@ -215,7 +214,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
     # region: Permanent shadow infractions
 
     @command(hidden=True)
-    async def note(self, ctx: Context, user: FetchedMember, *, reason: t.Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+    async def note(self, ctx: Context, user: MemberOrUser, *, reason: t.Optional[str] = None) -> None:
         """Create a private note for a user with the given reason without notifying the user."""
         infraction = await _utils.post_infraction(ctx, user, "note", reason, hidden=True, active=False)
         if infraction is None:
@@ -224,7 +223,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
         await self.apply_infraction(ctx, infraction, user)
 
     @command(hidden=True, aliases=['shadowban', 'sban'])
-    async def shadow_ban(self, ctx: Context, user: FetchedMember, *, reason: t.Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+    async def shadow_ban(self, ctx: Context, user: MemberOrUser, *, reason: t.Optional[str] = None) -> None:
         """Permanently ban a user for the given reason without notifying the user."""
         await self.apply_ban(ctx, user, reason, hidden=True)
 
@@ -235,7 +234,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
     async def shadow_tempban(
         self,
         ctx: Context,
-        user: FetchedMember,
+        user: MemberOrUser,
         duration: Expiry,
         *,
         reason: t.Optional[str] = None
@@ -261,17 +260,17 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
     # region: Remove infractions (un- commands)
 
     @command()
-    async def unmute(self, ctx: Context, user: FetchedMember) -> None:
+    async def unmute(self, ctx: Context, user: MemberOrUser) -> None:
         """Prematurely end the active mute infraction for the user."""
         await self.pardon_infraction(ctx, "mute", user)
 
     @command()
-    async def unban(self, ctx: Context, user: FetchedMember) -> None:
+    async def unban(self, ctx: Context, user: MemberOrUser) -> None:
         """Prematurely end the active ban infraction for the user."""
         await self.pardon_infraction(ctx, "ban", user)
 
     @command(aliases=("uvban",))
-    async def unvoiceban(self, ctx: Context, user: FetchedMember) -> None:
+    async def unvoiceban(self, ctx: Context, user: MemberOrUser) -> None:
         """Prematurely end the active voice ban infraction for the user."""
         await self.pardon_infraction(ctx, "voice_ban", user)
 
@@ -280,8 +279,19 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
 
     async def apply_mute(self, ctx: Context, user: Member, reason: t.Optional[str], **kwargs) -> None:
         """Apply a mute infraction with kwargs passed to `post_infraction`."""
-        if await _utils.get_active_infraction(ctx, user, "mute"):
-            return
+        if active := await _utils.get_active_infraction(ctx, user, "mute", send_msg=False):
+            if active["actor"] != self.bot.user.id:
+                await _utils.send_active_infraction_message(ctx, active)
+                return
+
+            # Allow the current mute attempt to override an automatically triggered mute.
+            log_text = await self.deactivate_infraction(active, notify=False)
+            if "Failure" in log_text:
+                await ctx.send(
+                    f":x: can't override infraction **mute** for {user.mention}: "
+                    f"failed to deactivate. {log_text['Failure']}"
+                )
+                return
 
         infraction = await _utils.post_infraction(ctx, user, "mute", reason, active=True, **kwargs)
         if infraction is None:
@@ -320,7 +330,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
     async def apply_ban(
         self,
         ctx: Context,
-        user: UserSnowflake,
+        user: MemberOrUser,
         reason: t.Optional[str],
         purge_days: t.Optional[int] = 0,
         **kwargs
@@ -345,7 +355,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
                 return
 
             log.trace("Old tempban is being replaced by new permaban.")
-            await self.pardon_infraction(ctx, "ban", user, is_temporary)
+            await self.pardon_infraction(ctx, "ban", user, send_msg=is_temporary)
 
         infraction = await _utils.post_infraction(ctx, user, "ban", reason, active=True, **kwargs)
         if infraction is None:
@@ -376,7 +386,7 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
         await bb_cog.apply_unwatch(ctx, user, bb_reason, send_message=False)
 
     @respect_role_hierarchy(member_arg=2)
-    async def apply_voice_ban(self, ctx: Context, user: UserSnowflake, reason: t.Optional[str], **kwargs) -> None:
+    async def apply_voice_ban(self, ctx: Context, user: MemberOrUser, reason: t.Optional[str], **kwargs) -> None:
         """Apply a voice ban infraction with kwargs passed to `post_infraction`."""
         if await _utils.get_active_infraction(ctx, user, "voice_ban"):
             return
@@ -403,8 +413,15 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
     # endregion
     # region: Base pardon functions
 
-    async def pardon_mute(self, user_id: int, guild: discord.Guild, reason: t.Optional[str]) -> t.Dict[str, str]:
-        """Remove a user's muted role, DM them a notification, and return a log dict."""
+    async def pardon_mute(
+        self,
+        user_id: int,
+        guild: discord.Guild,
+        reason: t.Optional[str],
+        *,
+        notify: bool = True
+    ) -> t.Dict[str, str]:
+        """Remove a user's muted role, optionally DM them a notification, and return a log dict."""
         user = guild.get_member(user_id)
         log_text = {}
 
@@ -413,16 +430,17 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
             self.mod_log.ignore(Event.member_update, user.id)
             await user.remove_roles(self._muted_role, reason=reason)
 
-            # DM the user about the expiration.
-            notified = await _utils.notify_pardon(
-                user=user,
-                title="You have been unmuted",
-                content="You may now send messages in the server.",
-                icon_url=_utils.INFRACTION_ICONS["mute"][1]
-            )
+            if notify:
+                # DM the user about the expiration.
+                notified = await _utils.notify_pardon(
+                    user=user,
+                    title="You have been unmuted",
+                    content="You may now send messages in the server.",
+                    icon_url=_utils.INFRACTION_ICONS["mute"][1]
+                )
+                log_text["DM"] = "Sent" if notified else "**Failed**"
 
             log_text["Member"] = format_user(user)
-            log_text["DM"] = "Sent" if notified else "**Failed**"
         else:
             log.info(f"Failed to unmute user {user_id}: user not found")
             log_text["Failure"] = "User was not found in the guild."
@@ -444,31 +462,39 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
 
         return log_text
 
-    async def pardon_voice_ban(self, user_id: int, guild: discord.Guild, reason: t.Optional[str]) -> t.Dict[str, str]:
-        """Add Voice Verified role back to user, DM them a notification, and return a log dict."""
+    async def pardon_voice_ban(
+        self,
+        user_id: int,
+        guild: discord.Guild,
+        *,
+        notify: bool = True
+    ) -> t.Dict[str, str]:
+        """Optionally DM the user a pardon notification and return a log dict."""
         user = guild.get_member(user_id)
         log_text = {}
 
         if user:
-            # DM user about infraction expiration
-            notified = await _utils.notify_pardon(
-                user=user,
-                title="Voice ban ended",
-                content="You have been unbanned and can verify yourself again in the server.",
-                icon_url=_utils.INFRACTION_ICONS["voice_ban"][1]
-            )
+            if notify:
+                # DM user about infraction expiration
+                notified = await _utils.notify_pardon(
+                    user=user,
+                    title="Voice ban ended",
+                    content="You have been unbanned and can verify yourself again in the server.",
+                    icon_url=_utils.INFRACTION_ICONS["voice_ban"][1]
+                )
+                log_text["DM"] = "Sent" if notified else "**Failed**"
 
             log_text["Member"] = format_user(user)
-            log_text["DM"] = "Sent" if notified else "**Failed**"
         else:
             log_text["Info"] = "User was not found in the guild."
 
         return log_text
 
-    async def _pardon_action(self, infraction: _utils.Infraction) -> t.Optional[t.Dict[str, str]]:
+    async def _pardon_action(self, infraction: _utils.Infraction, notify: bool) -> t.Optional[t.Dict[str, str]]:
         """
         Execute deactivation steps specific to the infraction's type and return a log dict.
 
+        If `notify` is True, notify the user of the pardon via DM where applicable.
         If an infraction type is unsupported, return None instead.
         """
         guild = self.bot.get_guild(constants.Guild.id)
@@ -476,11 +502,11 @@ class Infractions(InfractionScheduler, commands.Cog):
         reason = f"Infraction #{infraction['id']} expired or was pardoned."
 
         if infraction["type"] == "mute":
-            return await self.pardon_mute(user_id, guild, reason)
+            return await self.pardon_mute(user_id, guild, reason, notify=notify)
         elif infraction["type"] == "ban":
             return await self.pardon_ban(user_id, guild, reason)
         elif infraction["type"] == "voice_ban":
-            return await self.pardon_voice_ban(user_id, guild, reason)
+            return await self.pardon_voice_ban(user_id, guild, notify=notify)
 
     # endregion
 
diff --git a/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/management.py b/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/management.py
index 3094159cd..641ad0410 100644
--- a/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/management.py
+++ b/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/management.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from discord.utils import escape_markdown
 
 from bot import constants
 from bot.bot import Bot
-from bot.converters import Expiry, Infraction, Snowflake, UserMention, allowed_strings, proxy_user
+from bot.converters import Expiry, Infraction, MemberOrUser, Snowflake, UserMentionOrID, allowed_strings
 from bot.exts.moderation.infraction.infractions import Infractions
 from bot.exts.moderation.modlog import ModLog
 from bot.pagination import LinePaginator
@@ -201,29 +201,34 @@ class ModManagement(commands.Cog):
     # region: Search infractions
 
     @infraction_group.group(name="search", aliases=('s',), invoke_without_command=True)
-    async def infraction_search_group(self, ctx: Context, query: t.Union[UserMention, Snowflake, str]) -> None:
+    async def infraction_search_group(self, ctx: Context, query: t.Union[UserMentionOrID, Snowflake, str]) -> None:
         """Searches for infractions in the database."""
         if isinstance(query, int):
             await self.search_user(ctx, discord.Object(query))
-        else:
+        elif isinstance(query, str):
             await self.search_reason(ctx, query)
+        else:
+            await self.search_user(ctx, query)
 
     @infraction_search_group.command(name="user", aliases=("member", "id"))
-    async def search_user(self, ctx: Context, user: t.Union[discord.User, proxy_user]) -> None:
+    async def search_user(self, ctx: Context, user: t.Union[MemberOrUser, discord.Object]) -> None:
         """Search for infractions by member."""
         infraction_list = await self.bot.api_client.get(
             'bot/infractions/expanded',
             params={'user__id': str(user.id)}
         )
 
-        user = self.bot.get_user(user.id)
-        if not user and infraction_list:
-            # Use the user data retrieved from the DB for the username.
-            user = infraction_list[0]["user"]
-            user = escape_markdown(user["name"]) + f"#{user['discriminator']:04}"
+        if isinstance(user, (discord.Member, discord.User)):
+            user_str = escape_markdown(str(user))
+        else:
+            if infraction_list:
+                user = infraction_list[0]["user"]
+                user_str = escape_markdown(user["name"]) + f"#{user['discriminator']:04}"
+            else:
+                user_str = str(user.id)
 
         embed = discord.Embed(
-            title=f"Infractions for {user} ({len(infraction_list)} total)",
+            title=f"Infractions for {user_str} ({len(infraction_list)} total)",
             colour=discord.Colour.orange()
         )
         await self.send_infraction_list(ctx, embed, infraction_list)
diff --git a/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/superstarify.py b/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/superstarify.py
index 07e79b9fe..05a2bbe10 100644
--- a/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/superstarify.py
+++ b/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/superstarify.py
@@ -192,8 +192,8 @@ class Superstarify(InfractionScheduler, Cog):
         """Remove the superstarify infraction and allow the user to change their nickname."""
         await self.pardon_infraction(ctx, "superstar", member)
 
-    async def _pardon_action(self, infraction: _utils.Infraction) -> t.Optional[t.Dict[str, str]]:
-        """Pardon a superstar infraction and return a log dict."""
+    async def _pardon_action(self, infraction: _utils.Infraction, notify: bool) -> t.Optional[t.Dict[str, str]]:
+        """Pardon a superstar infraction, optionally notify the user via DM, and return a log dict."""
         if infraction["type"] != "superstar":
             return
 
@@ -208,18 +208,19 @@ class Superstarify(InfractionScheduler, Cog):
             )
             return {}
 
+        log_text = {"Member": format_user(user)}
+
         # DM the user about the expiration.
-        notified = await _utils.notify_pardon(
-            user=user,
-            title="You are no longer superstarified",
-            content="You may now change your nickname on the server.",
-            icon_url=_utils.INFRACTION_ICONS["superstar"][1]
-        )
+        if notify:
+            notified = await _utils.notify_pardon(
+                user=user,
+                title="You are no longer superstarified",
+                content="You may now change your nickname on the server.",
+                icon_url=_utils.INFRACTION_ICONS["superstar"][1]
+            )
+            log_text["DM"] = "Sent" if notified else "**Failed**"
 
-        return {
-            "Member": format_user(user),
-            "DM": "Sent" if notified else "**Failed**"
-        }
+        return log_text
 
     @staticmethod
     def get_nick(infraction_id: int, member_id: int) -> str:
diff --git a/bot/exts/moderation/metabase.py b/bot/exts/moderation/metabase.py
index e9faf7240..3b454ab18 100644
--- a/bot/exts/moderation/metabase.py
+++ b/bot/exts/moderation/metabase.py
@@ -42,6 +42,25 @@ class Metabase(Cog):
 
         self.init_task = self.bot.loop.create_task(self.init_cog())
 
+    async def cog_command_error(self, ctx: Context, error: Exception) -> None:
+        """Handle ClientResponseError errors locally to invalidate token if needed."""
+        if not isinstance(error.original, ClientResponseError):
+            return
+
+        if error.original.status == 403:
+            # User doesn't have access to the given question
+            log.warning(f"Failed to auth with Metabase for {error.original.url}.")
+            await ctx.send(f":x: {ctx.author.mention} Failed to auth with Metabase for that question.")
+        elif error.original.status == 404:
+            await ctx.send(f":x: {ctx.author.mention} That question could not be found.")
+        else:
+            # User credentials are invalid, or the refresh failed.
+            # Delete the expiry time, to force a refresh on next startup.
+            await self.session_info.delete("session_expiry")
+            log.exception("Session token is invalid or refresh failed.")
+            await ctx.send(f":x: {ctx.author.mention} Session token is invalid or refresh failed.")
+        error.handled = True
+
     async def init_cog(self) -> None:
         """Initialise the metabase session."""
         expiry_time = await self.session_info.get("session_expiry")
@@ -65,7 +84,7 @@ class Metabase(Cog):
             "username": MetabaseConfig.username,
             "password": MetabaseConfig.password
         }
-        async with self.bot.http_session.post(f"{MetabaseConfig.url}/session", json=data) as resp:
+        async with self.bot.http_session.post(f"{MetabaseConfig.base_url}/api/session", json=data) as resp:
             json_data = await resp.json()
             self.session_token = json_data.get("id")
 
@@ -86,7 +105,7 @@ class Metabase(Cog):
         """A group of commands for interacting with metabase."""
         await ctx.send_help(ctx.command)
 
-    @metabase_group.command(name="extract")
+    @metabase_group.command(name="extract", aliases=("export",))
     async def metabase_extract(
         self,
         ctx: Context,
@@ -106,48 +125,50 @@ class Metabase(Cog):
 
         Valid extensions are: csv and json.
         """
-        async with ctx.typing():
-
-            # Make sure we have a session token before running anything
-            await self.init_task
-
-            url = f"{MetabaseConfig.url}/card/{question_id}/query/{extension}"
-            try:
-                async with self.bot.http_session.post(url, headers=self.headers, raise_for_status=True) as resp:
-                    if extension == "csv":
-                        out = await resp.text(encoding="utf-8")
-                        # Save the output for use with int e
-                        self.exports[question_id] = list(csv.DictReader(StringIO(out)))
-
-                    elif extension == "json":
-                        out = await resp.json(encoding="utf-8")
-                        # Save the output for use with int e
-                        self.exports[question_id] = out
-
-                        # Format it nicely for human eyes
-                        out = json.dumps(out, indent=4, sort_keys=True)
-            except ClientResponseError as e:
-                if e.status == 403:
-                    # User doesn't have access to the given question
-                    log.warning(f"Failed to auth with Metabase for question {question_id}.")
-                    await ctx.send(f":x: {ctx.author.mention} Failed to auth with Metabase for that question.")
-                else:
-                    # User credentials are invalid, or the refresh failed.
-                    # Delete the expiry time, to force a refresh on next startup.
-                    await self.session_info.delete("session_expiry")
-                    log.exception("Session token is invalid or refresh failed.")
-                    await ctx.send(f":x: {ctx.author.mention} Session token is invalid or refresh failed.")
-                return
-
-            paste_link = await send_to_paste_service(out, extension=extension)
-            if paste_link:
-                message = f":+1: {ctx.author.mention} Here's your link: {paste_link}"
-            else:
-                message = f":x: {ctx.author.mention} Link service is unavailible."
-            await ctx.send(
-                f"{message}\nYou can also access this data within internal eval by doing: "
-                f"`bot.get_cog('Metabase').exports[{question_id}]`"
-            )
+        await ctx.trigger_typing()
+
+        # Make sure we have a session token before running anything
+        await self.init_task
+
+        url = f"{MetabaseConfig.base_url}/api/card/{question_id}/query/{extension}"
+
+        async with self.bot.http_session.post(url, headers=self.headers, raise_for_status=True) as resp:
+            if extension == "csv":
+                out = await resp.text(encoding="utf-8")
+                # Save the output for use with int e
+                self.exports[question_id] = list(csv.DictReader(StringIO(out)))
+
+            elif extension == "json":
+                out = await resp.json(encoding="utf-8")
+                # Save the output for use with int e
+                self.exports[question_id] = out
+
+                # Format it nicely for human eyes
+                out = json.dumps(out, indent=4, sort_keys=True)
+
+        paste_link = await send_to_paste_service(out, extension=extension)
+        if paste_link:
+            message = f":+1: {ctx.author.mention} Here's your link: {paste_link}"
+        else:
+            message = f":x: {ctx.author.mention} Link service is unavailible."
+        await ctx.send(
+            f"{message}\nYou can also access this data within internal eval by doing: "
+            f"`bot.get_cog('Metabase').exports[{question_id}]`"
+        )
+
+    @metabase_group.command(name="publish", aliases=("share",))
+    async def metabase_publish(self, ctx: Context, question_id: int) -> None:
+        """Publically shares the given question and posts the link."""
+        await ctx.trigger_typing()
+        # Make sure we have a session token before running anything
+        await self.init_task
+
+        url = f"{MetabaseConfig.base_url}/api/card/{question_id}/public_link"
+
+        async with self.bot.http_session.post(url, headers=self.headers, raise_for_status=True) as resp:
+            response_json = await resp.json(encoding="utf-8")
+            sharing_url = f"{MetabaseConfig.base_url}/public/question/{response_json['uuid']}"
+            await ctx.send(f":+1: {ctx.author.mention} Here's your sharing link: {sharing_url}")
 
     # This cannot be static (must have a __func__ attribute).
     async def cog_check(self, ctx: Context) -> bool:
diff --git a/bot/exts/moderation/watchchannels/bigbrother.py b/bot/exts/moderation/watchchannels/bigbrother.py
index c6ee844ef..3aa253fea 100644
--- a/bot/exts/moderation/watchchannels/bigbrother.py
+++ b/bot/exts/moderation/watchchannels/bigbrother.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from discord.ext.commands import Cog, Context, group, has_any_role
 
 from bot.bot import Bot
 from bot.constants import Channels, MODERATION_ROLES, Webhooks
-from bot.converters import FetchedMember
+from bot.converters import MemberOrUser
 from bot.exts.moderation.infraction._utils import post_infraction
 from bot.exts.moderation.watchchannels._watchchannel import WatchChannel
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class BigBrother(WatchChannel, Cog, name="Big Brother"):
 
     @bigbrother_group.command(name='watch', aliases=('w',), root_aliases=('watch',))
     @has_any_role(*MODERATION_ROLES)
-    async def watch_command(self, ctx: Context, user: FetchedMember, *, reason: str) -> None:
+    async def watch_command(self, ctx: Context, user: MemberOrUser, *, reason: str) -> None:
         """
         Relay messages sent by the given `user` to the `#big-brother` channel.
 
@@ -71,11 +71,11 @@ class BigBrother(WatchChannel, Cog, name="Big Brother"):
 
     @bigbrother_group.command(name='unwatch', aliases=('uw',), root_aliases=('unwatch',))
     @has_any_role(*MODERATION_ROLES)
-    async def unwatch_command(self, ctx: Context, user: FetchedMember, *, reason: str) -> None:
+    async def unwatch_command(self, ctx: Context, user: MemberOrUser, *, reason: str) -> None:
         """Stop relaying messages by the given `user`."""
         await self.apply_unwatch(ctx, user, reason)
 
-    async def apply_watch(self, ctx: Context, user: FetchedMember, reason: str) -> None:
+    async def apply_watch(self, ctx: Context, user: MemberOrUser, reason: str) -> None:
         """
         Add `user` to watched users and apply a watch infraction with `reason`.
 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class BigBrother(WatchChannel, Cog, name="Big Brother"):
             await ctx.send(f":x: {user} is already being watched.")
             return
 
-        # FetchedUser instances don't have a roles attribute
+        # discord.User instances don't have a roles attribute
         if hasattr(user, "roles") and any(role.id in MODERATION_ROLES for role in user.roles):
             await ctx.send(f":x: I'm sorry {ctx.author}, I'm afraid I can't do that. I must be kind to my masters.")
             return
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ class BigBrother(WatchChannel, Cog, name="Big Brother"):
 
         await ctx.send(msg)
 
-    async def apply_unwatch(self, ctx: Context, user: FetchedMember, reason: str, send_message: bool = True) -> None:
+    async def apply_unwatch(self, ctx: Context, user: MemberOrUser, reason: str, send_message: bool = True) -> None:
         """
         Remove `user` from watched users and mark their infraction as inactive with `reason`.
 
diff --git a/bot/exts/recruitment/talentpool/_cog.py b/bot/exts/recruitment/talentpool/_cog.py
index 80bd48534..5c1a1cd3f 100644
--- a/bot/exts/recruitment/talentpool/_cog.py
+++ b/bot/exts/recruitment/talentpool/_cog.py
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@ from typing import Union
 
 import discord
 from async_rediscache import RedisCache
-from discord import Color, Embed, Member, PartialMessage, RawReactionActionEvent, User
+from discord import Color, Embed, Member, PartialMessage, RawReactionActionEvent
 from discord.ext.commands import Cog, Context, group, has_any_role
 
 from bot.api import ResponseCodeError
 from bot.bot import Bot
 from bot.constants import Channels, Emojis, Guild, MODERATION_ROLES, Roles, STAFF_ROLES, Webhooks
-from bot.converters import FetchedMember
+from bot.converters import MemberOrUser
 from bot.exts.moderation.watchchannels._watchchannel import WatchChannel
 from bot.exts.recruitment.talentpool._review import Reviewer
 from bot.pagination import LinePaginator
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ class TalentPool(WatchChannel, Cog, name="Talentpool"):
 
     @nomination_group.command(name='forcewatch', aliases=('fw', 'forceadd', 'fa'), root_aliases=("forcenominate",))
     @has_any_role(*MODERATION_ROLES)
-    async def force_watch_command(self, ctx: Context, user: FetchedMember, *, reason: str = '') -> None:
+    async def force_watch_command(self, ctx: Context, user: MemberOrUser, *, reason: str = '') -> None:
         """
         Adds the given `user` to the talent pool, from any channel.
 
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ class TalentPool(WatchChannel, Cog, name="Talentpool"):
 
     @nomination_group.command(name='watch', aliases=('w', 'add', 'a'), root_aliases=("nominate",))
     @has_any_role(*STAFF_ROLES)
-    async def watch_command(self, ctx: Context, user: FetchedMember, *, reason: str = '') -> None:
+    async def watch_command(self, ctx: Context, user: MemberOrUser, *, reason: str = '') -> None:
         """
         Adds the given `user` to the talent pool.
 
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ class TalentPool(WatchChannel, Cog, name="Talentpool"):
 
         await self._watch_user(ctx, user, reason)
 
-    async def _watch_user(self, ctx: Context, user: FetchedMember, reason: str) -> None:
+    async def _watch_user(self, ctx: Context, user: MemberOrUser, reason: str) -> None:
         """Adds the given user to the talent pool."""
         if user.bot:
             await ctx.send(f":x: I'm sorry {ctx.author}, I'm afraid I can't do that. I only watch humans.")
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ class TalentPool(WatchChannel, Cog, name="Talentpool"):
 
     @nomination_group.command(name='history', aliases=('info', 'search'))
     @has_any_role(*MODERATION_ROLES)
-    async def history_command(self, ctx: Context, user: FetchedMember) -> None:
+    async def history_command(self, ctx: Context, user: MemberOrUser) -> None:
         """Shows the specified user's nomination history."""
         result = await self.bot.api_client.get(
             self.api_endpoint,
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ class TalentPool(WatchChannel, Cog, name="Talentpool"):
 
     @nomination_group.command(name='unwatch', aliases=('end', ), root_aliases=("unnominate",))
     @has_any_role(*MODERATION_ROLES)
-    async def unwatch_command(self, ctx: Context, user: FetchedMember, *, reason: str) -> None:
+    async def unwatch_command(self, ctx: Context, user: MemberOrUser, *, reason: str) -> None:
         """
         Ends the active nomination of the specified user with the given reason.
 
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ class TalentPool(WatchChannel, Cog, name="Talentpool"):
 
     @nomination_edit_group.command(name='reason')
     @has_any_role(*MODERATION_ROLES)
-    async def edit_reason_command(self, ctx: Context, nomination_id: int, actor: FetchedMember, *, reason: str) -> None:
+    async def edit_reason_command(self, ctx: Context, nomination_id: int, actor: MemberOrUser, *, reason: str) -> None:
         """Edits the reason of a specific nominator in a specific active nomination."""
         if len(reason) > REASON_MAX_CHARS:
             await ctx.send(f":x: Maxiumum allowed characters for the reason is {REASON_MAX_CHARS}.")
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ class TalentPool(WatchChannel, Cog, name="Talentpool"):
         await ctx.message.add_reaction(Emojis.check_mark)
 
     @Cog.listener()
-    async def on_member_ban(self, guild: Guild, user: Union[User, Member]) -> None:
+    async def on_member_ban(self, guild: Guild, user: Union[MemberOrUser]) -> None:
         """Remove `user` from the talent pool after they are banned."""
         await self.unwatch(user.id, "User was banned.")
 
diff --git a/bot/exts/utils/reminders.py b/bot/exts/utils/reminders.py
index 441b0353f..144f7b537 100644
--- a/bot/exts/utils/reminders.py
+++ b/bot/exts/utils/reminders.py
@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ from discord.ext.commands import Cog, Context, Greedy, group
 
 from bot.bot import Bot
 from bot.constants import Guild, Icons, MODERATION_ROLES, POSITIVE_REPLIES, Roles, STAFF_ROLES
-from bot.converters import Duration
+from bot.converters import Duration, UserMentionOrID
 from bot.pagination import LinePaginator
 from bot.utils.checks import has_any_role_check, has_no_roles_check
 from bot.utils.lock import lock_arg
 from bot.utils.messages import send_denial
 from bot.utils.scheduling import Scheduler
-from bot.utils.time import TimestampFormats, discord_timestamp, time_since
+from bot.utils.time import TimestampFormats, discord_timestamp
 
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ WHITELISTED_CHANNELS = Guild.reminder_whitelist
 MAXIMUM_REMINDERS = 5
 
 Mentionable = t.Union[discord.Member, discord.Role]
+ReminderMention = t.Union[UserMentionOrID, discord.Role]
 
 
 class Reminders(Cog):
@@ -172,46 +173,53 @@ class Reminders(Cog):
         if not is_valid:
             # No need to cancel the task too; it'll simply be done once this coroutine returns.
             return
-
         embed = discord.Embed()
-        embed.colour = discord.Colour.blurple()
-        embed.set_author(
-            icon_url=Icons.remind_blurple,
-            name="It has arrived!"
-        )
-
-        # Let's not use a codeblock to keep emojis and mentions working. Embeds are safe anyway.
-        embed.description = f"Here's your reminder: {reminder['content']}"
-
-        if reminder.get("jump_url"):  # keep backward compatibility
-            embed.description += f"\n[Jump back to when you created the reminder]({reminder['jump_url']})"
-
         if expected_time:
             embed.colour = discord.Colour.red()
             embed.set_author(
                 icon_url=Icons.remind_red,
-                name=f"Sorry it should have arrived {time_since(expected_time)} !"
+                name="Sorry, your reminder should have arrived earlier!"
             )
+        else:
+            embed.colour = discord.Colour.blurple()
+            embed.set_author(
+                icon_url=Icons.remind_blurple,
+                name="It has arrived!"
+            )
+
+        # Let's not use a codeblock to keep emojis and mentions working. Embeds are safe anyway.
+        embed.description = f"Here's your reminder: {reminder['content']}"
 
+        # Here the jump URL is in the format of base_url/guild_id/channel_id/message_id
         additional_mentions = ' '.join(
             mentionable.mention for mentionable in self.get_mentionables(reminder["mentions"])
         )
 
-        await channel.send(content=f"{user.mention} {additional_mentions}", embed=embed)
+        jump_url = reminder.get("jump_url")
+        embed.description += f"\n[Jump back to when you created the reminder]({jump_url})"
+        partial_message = channel.get_partial_message(int(jump_url.split("/")[-1]))
+        try:
+            await partial_message.reply(content=f"{additional_mentions}", embed=embed)
+        except discord.HTTPException as e:
+            log.info(
+                f"There was an error when trying to reply to a reminder invocation message, {e}, "
+                "fall back to using jump_url"
+            )
+            await channel.send(content=f"{user.mention} {additional_mentions}", embed=embed)
 
         log.debug(f"Deleting reminder #{reminder['id']} (the user has been reminded).")
         await self.bot.api_client.delete(f"bot/reminders/{reminder['id']}")
 
     @group(name="remind", aliases=("reminder", "reminders", "remindme"), invoke_without_command=True)
     async def remind_group(
-        self, ctx: Context, mentions: Greedy[Mentionable], expiration: Duration, *, content: str
+        self, ctx: Context, mentions: Greedy[ReminderMention], expiration: Duration, *, content: str
     ) -> None:
         """Commands for managing your reminders."""
         await self.new_reminder(ctx, mentions=mentions, expiration=expiration, content=content)
 
     @remind_group.command(name="new", aliases=("add", "create"))
     async def new_reminder(
-        self, ctx: Context, mentions: Greedy[Mentionable], expiration: Duration, *, content: str
+        self, ctx: Context, mentions: Greedy[ReminderMention], expiration: Duration, *, content: str
     ) -> None:
         """
         Set yourself a simple reminder.
@@ -263,7 +271,7 @@ class Reminders(Cog):
             }
         )
 
-        mention_string = f"Your reminder will arrive {discord_timestamp(expiration, TimestampFormats.RELATIVE)}"
+        mention_string = f"Your reminder will arrive on {discord_timestamp(expiration, TimestampFormats.DAY_TIME)}"
 
         if mentions:
             mention_string += f" and will mention {len(mentions)} other(s)"
@@ -356,7 +364,7 @@ class Reminders(Cog):
         await self.edit_reminder(ctx, id_, {"content": content})
 
     @edit_reminder_group.command(name="mentions", aliases=("pings",))
-    async def edit_reminder_mentions(self, ctx: Context, id_: int, mentions: Greedy[Mentionable]) -> None:
+    async def edit_reminder_mentions(self, ctx: Context, id_: int, mentions: Greedy[ReminderMention]) -> None:
         """Edit one of your reminder's mentions."""
         # Remove duplicate mentions
         mentions = set(mentions)
diff --git a/config-default.yml b/config-default.yml
index 2412a7016..eaf8e0ad7 100644
--- a/config-default.yml
+++ b/config-default.yml
@@ -434,14 +434,12 @@ anti_spam:
             max: 3
 
 
-
 metabase:
-    username: !ENV "METABASE_USERNAME"
-    password: !ENV "METABASE_PASSWORD"
-    url: "http://metabase.default.svc.cluster.local/api"
+    username: !ENV      "METABASE_USERNAME"
+    password: !ENV      "METABASE_PASSWORD"
+    base_url:           "http://metabase.default.svc.cluster.local"
     # 14 days, see https://www.metabase.com/docs/latest/operations-guide/environment-variables.html#max_session_age
-    max_session_age: 20160
-
+    max_session_age:    20160
 
 
 big_brother:
diff --git a/tests/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/test_infractions.py b/tests/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/test_infractions.py
index b9d527770..f844a9181 100644
--- a/tests/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/test_infractions.py
+++ b/tests/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/test_infractions.py
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ class VoiceBanTests(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
     async def test_voice_unban_user_not_found(self):
         """Should include info to return dict when user was not found from guild."""
         self.guild.get_member.return_value = None
-        result = await self.cog.pardon_voice_ban(self.user.id, self.guild, "foobar")
+        result = await self.cog.pardon_voice_ban(self.user.id, self.guild)
         self.assertEqual(result, {"Info": "User was not found in the guild."})
 
     @patch("bot.exts.moderation.infraction.infractions._utils.notify_pardon")
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ class VoiceBanTests(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
         notify_pardon_mock.return_value = True
         format_user_mock.return_value = "my-user"
 
-        result = await self.cog.pardon_voice_ban(self.user.id, self.guild, "foobar")
+        result = await self.cog.pardon_voice_ban(self.user.id, self.guild)
         self.assertEqual(result, {
             "Member": "my-user",
             "DM": "Sent"
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ class VoiceBanTests(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
         notify_pardon_mock.return_value = False
         format_user_mock.return_value = "my-user"
 
-        result = await self.cog.pardon_voice_ban(self.user.id, self.guild, "foobar")
+        result = await self.cog.pardon_voice_ban(self.user.id, self.guild)
         self.assertEqual(result, {
             "Member": "my-user",
             "DM": "**Failed**"
diff --git a/tests/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/test_utils.py b/tests/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/test_utils.py
index 5f95ced9f..eb256f1fd 100644
--- a/tests/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/test_utils.py
+++ b/tests/bot/exts/moderation/infraction/test_utils.py
@@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ class ModerationUtilsTests(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
         test_case = namedtuple("test_case", ["get_return_value", "expected_output", "infraction_nr", "send_msg"])
         test_cases = [
             test_case([], None, None, True),
-            test_case([{"id": 123987}], {"id": 123987}, "123987", False),
-            test_case([{"id": 123987}], {"id": 123987}, "123987", True)
+            test_case([{"id": 123987, "type": "ban"}], {"id": 123987, "type": "ban"}, "123987", False),
+            test_case([{"id": 123987, "type": "ban"}], {"id": 123987, "type": "ban"}, "123987", True)
         ]
 
         for case in test_cases: